Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

How many H bonds form between the complementary bases in DNA?

A

Adenine and Thymine - 2 H bonds
Cytosine and Guanine - 3 H bonds

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2
Q

Explain how to extract DNA from plant material

A
  • Grind sample with pestle and mortar to break the cell walls down
  • Mix sample with detergent to disrupt phospholipid bilayer and break down the cell surface membrane, releasing cell contents into solution
  • Add salt to break the H bonds between the DNA and water molecules
  • Add a protease enzyme to break down the proteins associated with the DNA in the nuclei
  • Add a layer of ethanol on top of the sample to cause the DNA to precipitate out of the solution
    -DNA can be seen as white strands
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3
Q

What is meant by the genetic code being universal?

A

Each DNA triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms (bar a far exceptions)

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4
Q

Describe the difference between a purine and a pyrimidine

A
  • Purines are larger and have 2C ring structures (AG)
  • Pyrimidines are smaller and have 1C ring structures (TC)
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