Nucleotides and ATP

Question 1

structure of nucleotides

Answer 1

a sugar molecule (RNA or DNA) attached to a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base.

Question 2

structure of ATP

Answer 2

a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and three serially bonded phosphate groups

Question 3

Role of ATP in energy transfer

Answer 3

captures chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes.

Question 4

structure of nucleic acids

Answer 4

Nucleic acids are polynucleotides—that is,long chainlike molecules composed of a series of nearly identical building blocks called nucleotides.

Question 5

DNA replication

Answer 5

the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells

Question 6

transcription

Answer 6

1) transferring segments of the genetic code from DNA to a mRNA.

Question 7

translation

Answer 7

2) mRNA travels into the cytoplasm. With the help of tRNA and ribosomes, the sequences in the mRNA are used to build the polypeptide.

Question 8

steps of protein synthesis

Answer 8

1) transcription
2) translation

Question 9

types of RNA

Answer 9

mRNA = messenger
tRNA = transfer
rRNA = ribosomal