Nucleic acids and the encoding of biological information Flashcards
What is the central dogma?
Dna to Rna (transcription)
RNA to protein (translation)
What is DNA TO RNA called?
transcription
What is RNA TO PROTEIN called?
translation
What is the exception to the normal central dogma?
a retrovirus
What is DNA (be sure to include the definition of heredity)
Genetic material responsible for heredity
Heredity = passing of genetic information from one generation to the next
What is the first step of the central dogma (simple)
1) synthesis of mRNA in the nucleus
What is the second step of the central dogma (simple)
2) movement of mRNA into the cytoplasm via nuclear pore
What is the third step of the central dogma (simple)
3) Synthesis of Protein
What is a gene
Sequence of hereditary information in the form of DNA
Functional unit of heredity
Made up of DNA
Many genes code for proteins
What is a genome
complete set of genes in an organism
DNA is a polymer of what?
Nucleotides
what bond the nucleotides of DNA together to form one strand?
Phosphodiester Bonds
What is carbon #5 linked to?
Phosphate
How to we read a dna strand?
5’ end to 3’ end
How do you know the end of a dna strand
it is at the 3’ end with a free hydroxyl group
How do you know the start of a dna strand
it is at the 5’ end with a free phosphate group
DNA is parallel or antiparallel
Single or Double stranded
Anti Parallel
Double
What are the nitrogenous bases linked by
Hydrogen bonds
What links with Adenine
Thymine
What links with Guanine
Cytosine
What is chargaff’s rule?
Chargaff’s rule: 1:1 ratio of A:T & 1:1 ratio of C:G
What are histones
: proteins that act as ‘spools’ for DNA
How does DNA condense?
Histone proteins
What makes chromatin in eukaryotes
DNA associated with proteins that condense it
Eukaryotes: DNA + proteins (histones) = chromatin (makes chromosomes)