Biological Themes Flashcards
Schema of scientific method
Observations–>Hypothesis–>Predictions–>Experiments of new observations (if results not consistent revise hypo)–>Theory (if results are consistent)
Define Variability and give examples
“lack of consistency or fixed pattern; liability to vary or change.”
Everyone has the possibility of looking different and in the bio world everyone has different t6raits
ex: All flowers within a garden
All insects within a plant
All bacteria
What is Variance
Give both formulas and explain the difference
Numerical measurement of Variablity Sum of (xi-x)^2/N or (xi-x)^2/n-1
Energy comes from two places: Name them and the names of those who use/make them
1) chemical compounds: consumers
2) the sun: Producers
Give synonym for Consumer:
Give synonym for producer:
Heterotroph
Autotroph
7 traits of living things
1) Order
2) Reproduction
3) Growth and Development
4) Energy Processing
5) Response to environment
6) homeostasis and regulation
7) Evolutionary adaptation
Formulas for Photosynthesis and Respiration
Respiration: C6H12O6+6O2–>6CO2+6H2O+energy
Photosynthesis: the same ^^ but energy is from sunlight
List the organization of living things and their definition
just AMOCTOSO
Atom – smallest unit of matter that has distinct properties
Molecule – bonded group of atoms
Organelle – A defined structure that performs a specific function
Cell – simplest complete unit of structure and function Tissue – group of cells with similar structure and function Organ – group of tissues that perform a similar function System – group of organs that perform an overall function
Organism – total living creature composed of many systems
List the organization of living things and their definition
(just OPCEBB)
Make sure to define specie
Organism – total living creature composed of many systems Population – localized group of organisms of the same
species
Community – populations of species living in the same area
Ecosystem – the collection of community interactions that include abiotic factors such as soil, temperature and water
Biome – large scale communities classified by predominant vegetation type and distinctive combinations of plants and animals
Biosphere – the sum of all a planet’s ecosystems
Species: a group of organisms with similar structural and functional characteristics that freely interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What are the two groups of life and the characteristic about them
Prokaryotes: NO nucleus
- no membrane bound organelles
- small (0.1-10 micrometers)
- single celled
Eukaryotes: nucleus
- memebrane bound organelles
- larger (10-100 micrometres)
- includes all multicellular organisms
Basic Phylogenic Tree
LOOK AT DIAGRAM
list the three domains
Domain Archae
Domain Eukarya
Domain Bacteria
Traits of Domain Archae
Live in extreme environments
There are different kinds (methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles, acidophiles)
Traits of domain bacteria
Most ancient organisms on Earth
• We have 100,000,000,000,000 in our body • Have peptidoglycan cell walls
• Have spherical (cocci), rod (bacillus) or spiral/curved (spirillum) shapes
Which domains are most genetically similar
Eukaryotes and Archaea
What is the least organized domain
Domain Bacteria
Name the 3 kingdoms
- Plantae
- Fungi
- Animalia
Explain kingdom Plantae
- Autotrophs (photosynthetic ones)
- Always multicellular
- Cellulose cell walls
- Cannot move on their own
Explain kingdom fungi
- Absorb their food (heterotrophs) by secreting extracellular enzymes into the environment to break it down
- Mostly multicellular (ex: mushrooms & molds) but some are unicellular (called “yeasts”)
- Reproduce by releasing spores
- Have chitin cell walls
- Decompose dead organic matter
- More similar to animals than plants
explain kingdom anamalia
Heterotrophs that ingest
• Always multicellular
• Never have cell walls
Define an animal like protist and give an example
Things that have all the same traits as an animal but is single celled (ex: paramecium, malaria)
Define a plant like protist and give an example
Things that have all the same traits as a plant but is single celled (ex: algae)
Give an example of a fungi like protist
Slime molds, they have all the same traits but may or may not have a chitin cell wall
Taxonomic levels
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
