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MCD NAGE > nucleic acids and chromosomes > Flashcards

nucleic acids and chromosomes Flashcards

chromosomes: explain the packaging of DNA into nucleosomes and relate this to chromosome structure; summarise the human karyotype

1
Q

define genome

A

entire DNA coding for organism; human genome much larger than E. coli

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2
Q

define chromosome

A

contain single, linear double-helical DNA molecule (only mitotic are visible as they are compact)

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3
Q

packaging eukaryotic DNA

A

DNA → chromatin (+proteins) → nucleosome (-ve DNA around +ve histone proteins) → folds into 30nm fibre → folded into loops (interphase) → mitotic chromosome

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4
Q

define octamer

A

linker found between nucleosomes; core region of DNA winds round the octamer (only 1 histone located between nucleosomes, as well as to octamer)

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5
Q

total condensation of DNA

A

approximately 10000-fold shorter than its extended length

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6
Q

define human karyotype

A

organised profile of chromosomes

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7
Q

human karyotype

A

diploid human has 46 chromosomes: 22 homologous autosome pairs + 1 sex pair (X/Y)

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MCD NAGE (17 decks)

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