Nucleic acids 2.3

Question 1

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

What does RNA stand for?

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid

Question 3

What does DNA consist of?

Answer 3

• deoxyribose sugar
• phosphate
• bases

Question 4

How many rings does a purine have?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

How many rings does a pyrimidine have?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

Which bases are purines?

Answer 6

Adenine and guamine

Question 7

Which bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 7

Cytosine, thymine and uracil

Question 8

What elements does nucleic acid contain?

Answer 8

P, C, H, O, N

Question 9

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 9

A molecule consisting of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base

Question 10

What do nucleotodes form?

Answer 10

They form monomers of nucleic acid

Question 11

What does ATP consist of?

Answer 11

Adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate groups

Question 12

What does the enzyme gyrase do?

Answer 12

Unwinds the DNAs double helix

Question 13

What does the enzyme helicase do?

Answer 13

Unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between bases

Question 14

What does the enzyme DNA polymerase do?

Answer 14

Covalently binds the complimentary nucleotides catalysing the formation of phosphodiester bonds

Question 15

What does the enzyme ligase do?

Answer 15

Joins together the strands of the lagging strand

Question 16

In what direction does DNA polymerase add the complimentary bases?

Answer 16

In a 5’ to 3’ direction

Question 17

What does semi conservative mean?

Answer 17

1 old copy and 1 new copy

Question 18

What does conservative mean?

Answer 18

2 new coppies and 2 old coppies

Question 19

What does dispersive mean?

Answer 19

Mixture of both coppies

Question 20

What is mRNA?

Answer 20

Messanger RNA

Question 21

What is tRNA?

Answer 21

Transfer RNA

Question 22

What is rRNA?

Answer 22

Ribosomal RNA

Question 23

What is RNA?

Answer 23

Single strand of DNA containing uracil

Question 24

What does mRNA do?

Answer 24

Transcribes DNA code

Question 25

What does rRNA do?

Answer 25

Primary component of the ribosome

Question 26

What does tRNA do?

Answer 26

Carries amino acids to a proper position during translation

Question 27

What is a codon?

Answer 27

A triplet of bases

Question 28

What binds to the codons?

Answer 28

The anticodon loop

Question 29

What does universal mean?

Answer 29

The same codons code for the same amino acids in all organelles

Question 30

What does degenerate mean?

Answer 30

Some amino acids can be coded for by multiple different codons

Question 31

What does non overlapping mean?

Answer 31

Each base is only part of one codon and that each codon is read one at a time in order

Question 32

What is transcription?

Answer 32

• gyrase unwinds DNA
• helicase unzips DNA
• RNA polymerase adds complimentary base pairings creating a copy strand from the template strand
• mRNA passes out the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome

Question 33

What is translation?

Answer 33

• tRNA molecule finds the place where the anti codon loop forms temporary H bonds with the complimentary RNA codon
• tRNA the leaves, leaving behind an amino acid
• ribosome moves along the RNA allowing adjacent amino acids to for peptide bonds
• ATP is needed for proien synthesis

Question 34

What is a gene?

Answer 34

A section of DNA that codes for a protein