Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio Module 2 > Cell stucture 2.1 > Flashcards

Cell stucture 2.1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is magnification?

A

The number of times bigger the image is compared to the actucal size of the object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is resolution?

A

The ability to see two objects that are close together as two separate objects, or the ability to see detail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a photomicrograph?

A

Photograph of an image seen using an optical microscope (light microscope)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the maximum resolution and magnification of a light microscope?

A

magnification - X1500
resolution - 200nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Positives of a light microscope

A

+ cheap
+ portable
+ easy to use
+ can view whole living specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Negatives of a light microscope

A
  • low magnification
  • low resolution
  • specimens have to be thin to let light through
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the positives of electron mircoscopes?

A

+ higher resolution
+ SEM gives 3D images giving detailed views of cell surfaces
+ produce detailed images of structures inside cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the negatives of electron microscopes?

A
  • expensive
  • need trained staff
  • samples need to be dead due to the vacuum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the characteristics of a laser scanning confocal microscope?

A
  • can observe whole living specimens
  • high resolution
  • high contrast
  • focuses on structures at different depths within a specimen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)?

A
  • uses electrons
  • samples have to be dead in a vacuum
  • 2D image
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the maximum resolution and magnification of a TEM

A

magnification - X500,000
resolution - 0.02nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the characteristics of a scanning electron microscope (SEM)?

A
  • 3D image
  • gives detailed surface view of the outside of cells
  • electrons bounce off specimens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the maximum resolution and magnification of a SEM?

A

magnification - X100,000
resolution - 0.5-0.1nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the calculation for magnification?

A

Magnification = Image / Actual object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the distance between each small division on the stage mircometer?

A

10 micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What equipment do you need to calibrate a microscope?

A
  • stage micrometer
  • eyepiece graticule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you calibrate a microscope?

A

You need to work out how many micrometers each eyepeice unit represents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the standard distance of 1 EPU at each magnification?

A

X40 - 25 micrometers
X100 - 10 micrometers
X400 - 4 micrometers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is ultrastructure?

A

Anything inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a eukaryote?

A

An organism that consists of one or more cells contain DNA in a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles separate from the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the kingdoms are eukaryotic?

A

Animal, plant, fungi and protoctist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the nucleus?

A
  • stores organisms genome
  • transmits genetic information
  • provides instructions for genetic info
  • double membrane bound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the nuclear envelope?

A
  • separates contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell
  • double membrane
  • contains pores
  • contols what substances enter and leave the cell
24
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the nucleolus?

A
  • not membrane bound
  • contained RNA
  • where ribosomes are made
25
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

A
  • system of membranes continuous with the nuclear membrance, coated in ribisomes
  • processes proteins
26
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

A
  • system of membranes continuous with the nuclear membrance
  • synthesises and processes lipids
27
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the golgli apparatus?

A
  • stack of membrane bound flattened sacks
  • packages and modifies proteins
28
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the mitochondria?

A
  • double membrane where the inside membrane is highly folded
  • site of ATP production and aerobic respiration
  • has its own DNA and ribosomes
29
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the chloroplast?

A
  • site of photosynthesis
  • contains stacks of thylakoids called granum
  • found in a fluis called stroma
  • has its own DNA and ribosomes
30
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the vacuole?

A
  • surrounded by a membrane called tonoplast and is filled with fluid
  • filled with water and solutes to push against cell walls to make the cell turgid
31
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the lysosomes?

A
  • small bags formed from the golgi
  • contain digestive enzymes
  • digest old organelles or foreign bodies
32
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the ribosomes?

A
  • made of RNA
  • site of proteinsynthesis
33
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the cell wall?

A
  • rigid structure that surrounds cells
  • acts as a defense mechanism
  • cellulose in plant cells
  • chitin in fungi
  • peptidoglycan in bacteria
34
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the plasma membrane?

A
  • membrane found on the surface of cells
  • regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
35
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the cytoskeleton?

A
  • network of protein structures
  • give support to the cell
  • allow tracks for intracellular transportation
  • aid in mitosis
  • anchor organelles
36
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the microfilaments?

A
  • 6-7nm diameter
  • long chains of protiens that form double helix
  • create pathways for the motor proteins
  • gives the cell shape and structure
  • can assemble and dissassemble
37
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the intermediate filaments?

A
  • 8-10nm diamete
  • multiple strands of fiborous protein wound together
  • permanent
  • anchors organelles in place
  • bears tension and maintains cell shape
38
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the microtubules?

A
  • 25nm diameter
  • tublin proteins arranged to form a hollow tube
  • can assemble and dissassemble
  • provides tracks for motor proteins
  • forms spindles to aid in mitosis
39
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the flagella?

A
  • long hair like structure that extends from cell surface
  • 9 pairs of microtubles arranged in a circle with a pair in the centre
  • contains motor proteins that move along microtubules generating force, causing it to beatl allow for cellular locomotion
40
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the cilia?

A
  • many microtubules extending from cell surface
  • move to waft mucus
  • 9 pairs of microtubles arranged in a circle with a pair in the centre
41
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the centrosomes?

A
  • stuctures that act as microtubule organising centre
  • centrioles perpendicular to each other
  • duplicate before cell division
42
Q

What are the functions and characteristics of the centrioles?

A
  • found only in animal cells
  • hollow cylinders of microtubules
  • involved with separation of chromosomes during mitosis
43
Q

What does cis and trans face mean?

A

Cis face means facing the nucleus and trans face means facing away from the nucleus

44
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

A single celled organism without a nucleus that does not contain membrane bound organanelles

45
Q

What are three examples of single celled eukaryotes?

A

Yeast, amoeba and paramecium

46
Q

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

A

The theory that mitochondria and chlopoplasts in eukaryotic cells were once separate prokaryotic microbes

47
Q

What ultrastructure do both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain?

A
  • cell wall
  • cytoplasm
  • ribosomes
  • cytoskeleton
  • plasma membrane
48
Q

What are the ultrastructure that only eukaryotes contain?

A
  • nucleus
  • nucleolus
  • nuclear envelople
  • mitochondria
  • RER
  • SER
  • golgi apparatus
  • chloroplast
  • vacuole
49
Q

What are the ultrastructure that only prokaryotes contain?

A
  • slime capsule
  • flagellum
  • plasmid
  • pili
  • mesosome
  • infolding of plasma membrane
  • circular DNA
50
Q

What is a mesosome?

A

Infolding of the plasma membrane which helps the formation of new cell walls and is associated with DNA during cell division

51
Q

What is infolding of the plasma membrane?

A

May form a photosynthetic membrane or carry out nitrogen fixation

52
Q

What is pili?

A

It is there for attachment to other cells

53
Q

What are characteristics of prokaryotes?

A
  • linear DNA
  • binary fission
  • contain cytoskeleton
  • no histones
  • smaller ribosomes
54
Q

What kind of stain stains nucleus?

A

Methylene blue

55
Q

What does staining do?

A

Provides contrast so specimens are easier to see and observe

56
Q

What is sectioning?

A

Embedding a species in wax to make it easier to cut without distorting

Bio Module 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions