Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Characteristics of a molecule of inheritance
- accurate replication
- stable
- allows change or variation
Chromosomal theory of inheritance
chromosomes posses inheritance of characteristics, each cell has correct number of chromosomes
Chromatin
DNA + proteins (histones)
Nucleosome
each section of DNA wrapped around a histone protein
Frederick Griffiths
showed presence of transforming factor that can pass on new characteristics
Avery, McCarty and McCleod
transforming factor is DNA
Purine bases
Adenine and Guanine
Pyrimidine bases
Cytosine and Thymine
What C do bases join to on deoxyribose, what bond formed
1, glycosidic
Nucleoside vs Nucleotide
- base + sugar SIDE
- base + sugar + phosphate TIDE
dNTP
- deoxynucleotide triphosphates
- nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups attached
What groups at 5’ and 3’ end of DNA chains
5’ - phosphate
3’ - OH on sugar
Direction of DNA strand
5 to 3
Structure of DNA
- right-handed double helix
- sugar-phosphate backbone
- chains run anti-parallel
- ATCG
Name of method of DNA replication
semi-conservative model
DNA replication
- helicase; uncoils
- primase; adds RNA primers
- DNA polymerase; joins free nucleotides together
- ligase; re-coils
RNA structure
- single strand
- ribose sugar
- uracil
rRNA
- ribosomal RNA
tRNA
- clover leaf shape (h bonds)
- carries specific amino acids
- translation
- anti-codon
mRNA
- transcription
- codon
How many possible triplets
64
Degeneracy
amino acids can be coded for by different triplets of bases
Typical initiation codon
AUG
Typical stop codons
UAA UGA UAG
