Nucleic Acids

Question 1

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 1

Phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Question 2

How do DNA and RNA nucleotides differ?

Answer 2

DNA has deoxyribose and thymine; RNA has ribose and uracil.

Question 3

What is a phosphodiester bond?

Answer 3

The bond linking nucleotides in DNA and RNA.

Question 4

What does it mean that DNA strands are antiparallel?

Answer 4

One strand runs 5’ to 3’, the other 3’ to 5’

Question 6

What are the base-pairing rules?

Answer 6

• DNA: A-T (2 hydrogen bonds), G-C (3 hydrogen bonds).
• RNA: A-U, G-C.

Question 7

DNA has what type of sugar

Answer 7

deoxyribose

Question 8

RNA has what type of sugar

Answer 8

ribose

Question 9

cytosine, thymine, and uracil are called

Answer 9

pyrimidines (1 ring)

Question 10

adenine and guanine are called

Answer 10

purines (2 rings)

Question 11

What are the binding pairs in DNA

Answer 11

A-T and G-C

Question 12

What are the bonding pairs in RNA

Answer 12

A-U and G-C

Question 13

adenine and thymine/uracil always form how many/what type of bonds

Answer 13

2 HB

Question 14

guanine and cytosine always form how many/what type of bonds

Answer 14

3 HB

Question 15

nucleotides form strands of DNA and RNA through what type of reaction

Answer 15

Condensations reaction

Question 16

What are the type of bonds formed between nucleotide

Answer 16

phosphodiester bond

Question 17

3’ is used to denote what end of the nucleotide strand

Answer 17

Sugar end

Question 18

5’ is used to denote what end of the nucleotide strand

Answer 18

Phosphate end

Question 19

What is a microRNA

Answer 19

They help control what proteins are made and how many are made.