Enzymes Flashcards
What is a catalyst?
A substance that speeds up chemical reactions without being consumed.
What is the role of enzymes?
Lower activation energy and speed up reactions.
Define substrate,
Reactant in an enzyme reaction.
Define active site
The region where the substrate binds.
Define activation energy.
Energy required to start a reaction.
Explain the induced-fit model.
The enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate.
What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors?
• Competitive: Binds to the active site, blocking the substrate.
• Non-competitive: Binds elsewhere, changing the enzyme’s shape.
How does allosteric regulation work?
Enzyme activity is controlled by molecules binding to an allosteric site.
How do temperature and pH affect enzymes?
Extreme changes can denature enzymes and reduce activity.
Enzymes have 3 basic characteristics
- Increase the rate of a reaction
- Act specifically with only one reactant
- Can be used over and over again
What do enzymes need to do to for a reaction to occur
It need to decreases the activation energy
What is an Allosteric Activate
binds to an allosteric site and stabilizes the protein shape to keep all of the active sites
available to their substrate
What is an Allosteric Inhibitor
binds to an allosteric site and stabilizes the inactive form of an enzyme
