nucleic acids

Question 1

double helix

Answer 1

shape of DNA molecule.
due to coiling of the 2 sugar-phosphate backbone strands into a right-handed configuration

Question 2

monomer

Answer 2

molecule that when repeated makes up a polymer.
amino acids = monomer of protein
nucleotides = monomers of nucleic acids

Question 3

nucleotide

Answer 3

molecule consisting of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group + nitrogenous base

Question 4

polynucleotide

Answer 4

large molecule containing many nucleotides

Question 5

DNA polymerase

Answer 5

enzyme that catalyses formation of DNA from activated deoxyribose nucleotides, using single-stranded DNA as a template.

Question 6

helicase

Answer 6

enzyme that catalyses the breaking of hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous pairs of bases in a DNA molecule.

Question 7

semi-conservative replication

Answer 7

how DNA replicate, resulting in 2 new molecules. Each of which contains 1 old strand and one new strand.
1 old strand is conserved in each new molecule.

Question 8

gene

Answer 8

a length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide or for a length of DNA that is involved in regulating gene expression.

Question 9

polypeptide

Answer 9

a polymer made of many amino acid units joined together by peptide bonds.
insulin is a polypeptide of 1 amino acids.

Question 10

protein

Answer 10

a large polypeptide of 100 or more amino acids.

Question 11

transcription

Answer 11

the process of making messenger RNA from a DNA template

Question 12

translation

Answer 12

formation of a protein, at ribosomes, by assembling amino acids into a particular sequence according to the coded instructions carried from DNA to the ribosome mRNA.