enzymes Flashcards
active site
indented area on the surface of an enzyme molecule, with a shape that is complementary to the shape of the substrate molecule
catalyst
chemical that speeds up the rate of a reaction + remains unchanged + reusable at the end of the reaction
extracellular
outside the cell
intracellular
inside the cell
metabolic/ metabolism
the chemical reactions that take place inside living cells or organisms
product
molecule produced from substrate molecule, by an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
substrate
molecule that is altered by an enzyme-catalysed reaction
cofactor
a substance that has to be present to ensure that an enzyme-catalysed reaction takes place at the appropriate rate.
some cofactors are part of the enzyme structure = prosthetic groups
others are temporary associations = organic coenzymes + mineral ion cofactors
enzyme-substrate complex
complex formed by temporary binding of enzyme + substrate molecules during an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
Q10
temperature coefficient
rate of reaction at T+10degrees / rate of reaction at T
concentration
number of molecules per unit volume
competitive inhibition
inhibition of an enzyme, where the inhibitor molecule has a similar shape to the substrate molecule + competes with the substrate for the active site.
blocks the active site + prevents formation of enzyme-substrate complexes.
inhibitor
a substance that reduces or stops a reaction
non-competitive inhibition
inhibition of an enzyme, where the competitor molecule attaches to a part of the enzyme molecule but not the active site.
this changes the shape of the active site, which prevents enzyme-substrate complex from forming, as the active site is no longer complementary to the substrate molecule.
