biological molecules

Question 1

condensation reaction

Answer 1

reaction that occurs when 2 molecules are joined together with the removal of water

Question 2

hydrogen bond

Answer 2

weak interaction that can occur wherever molecules contain a slightly negatively charged atom bonded to a slightly positively charged hydrogen atom

Question 3

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 3

reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into 2 smaller molecules with the addition of water

Question 4

monomer

Answer 4

small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer

Question 5

polymer

Answer 5

large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers

Question 6

carbohydrates

Answer 6

group of molecules containing C,H + O

Question 7

glycosidic bond

Answer 7

a bond formed between 2 monosaccharides by a condensation reaction

Question 8

lipids

Answer 8

group of substances that are soluble in alcohol rather then water.
= triglycerides (fats + oils), phospholipids, glycolipids, + cholesterol

Question 9

macromolecule

Answer 9

very large organic molecule

Question 10

phospholipid

Answer 10

molecule consisting of glycerol, 2 fatty acids + 1 phosphate group.

Question 11

amino acids

Answer 11

monomers of all proteins.
all amino acids have the same structure

Question 12

peptide bond

Answer 12

a bond formed when 2 amino acids are joined by a condensation reaction

Question 13

primary structure

Answer 13

the sequence of amino acids found in a molecule

Question 14

secondary structure

Answer 14

the coiling or folding of an amino acid chain.
happens often as a result of hydrogen bond formation between the different parts of the chain.
main forms = helix + pleated sheet

Question 15

tertiary structure

Answer 15

the 3-dimensional shape of a protein molecule.
shape happens due to interactions including hydrogen bonding, disulphide bridges, ionic bonds + hydrophobic interactions

Question 16

quaternary structure

Answer 16

protein structure when a protein consists of more than one polypeptide chain.
eg. insulin

Question 17

fibrous protein

Answer 17

relatively long, thin structure.
insoluble in water.
metabolically inactive.
often has a structural role within an organism

Question 18

globular protein

Answer 18

relatively spherical shape.
soluble in water.
often have metabolic roles with an organism

Question 19

prosthetic group

Answer 19

non-protein component that forms a permanent part of a functioning protein molecule.