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A level Biology - 2.1.3 Nucleotides > Nucleic acids > Flashcards

Nucleic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are DNA and RNA?

A

Polynucleotides

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2
Q

What is the monomers of nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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3
Q

What does DNA contain?

A

Genes

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4
Q

What are genes?

A

The way in which traits or characteristics are passed from one generation to the next

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5
Q

What do genes code for?

A

Proteins so control action of the cell

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6
Q

What does RNA allow?

A

It allows the genetic code on the DNA to be translated into proteins

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A

rRNA, mRNA and tRNA

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8
Q

What does rRNA mean?

A

Ribosomal RNA

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9
Q

What does mRNA mean?

A

Messenger RNA

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10
Q

What does tRNA mean?

A

Transfer RNA

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11
Q

What is rRNA?

A

It is part of the ribosome

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12
Q

What does mRNA do?

A

It carries the code to the ribosome

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13
Q

What does tRNA do?

A

It carries the amino acid to the ribosome to make the polypeptide according to the instructions of the mRNA

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14
Q

What is replication?

A

Making an exact copy of the DNA

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15
Q

What is the enzyme in replication?

A

DNA polymerase

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16
Q

What is transcription?

A

Synthesising mRNA from the code on the DNA

17
Q

What is the enzyme in transcription?

A

RNA polymerase

18
Q

What is translation?

A

Translating the code on the mRNA into a string of amino acids to make a protein

19
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

At the ribosome

20
Q

How are polynucleotides made?

A

From thousands of nucleotides joined together

21
Q

What do nucleotides consist of?

A

A pentose (5 carbon) sugar, a phosphate group (acidic and negatively charged) and an organic nitrogenous base

22
Q

What is the bond between a phosphate group and pentose sugar?

A

Ester bond

23
Q

What is the bond between a pentose sugar and nitrogenous base?

A

A glycosidic bond

24
Q

How are parts of nucleotides joined together?

A

By covalent bonds

25
Q

What are the complimentary pairs?

A

A & T and C & G

26
Q

How is the sugar-phosphate backbone made>

A

By condensation reacts to join the sugar and phosphate group of adjacent nucleotides

27
Q

What bonds form between sugars and the phosphate group?

A

Strong covalent bonds called phosphodiester bonds

28
Q

What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

A

Deoxyribose can one less oxygen than ribose on carbon 2

A level Biology - 2.1.3 Nucleotides (8 decks)

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