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A level Biology - 2.1.3 Nucleotides > DNA and RNA > Flashcards

DNA and RNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the 5 sugar in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose sugar

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2
Q

What is the 5C sugar in RNA?

A

Ribose sugar

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3
Q

What are the bases in DNA?

A

Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine

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4
Q

What are the bases in RNA?

A

Adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine

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5
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

It is a double stranded double helix

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6
Q

What is the structure of RNA?

A

It is single stranded

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7
Q

Why are DNA and RNA charged?

A

The phosphate group

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8
Q

What elements do bases contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of organic baes?

A

Purine and pyrimidine

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10
Q

What is a purine?

A

A two ring base

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11
Q

What is a pyrimidine?

A

Single ring bases

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12
Q

What are the purines in DNA and RNA?

A

Adenine and guanine

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13
Q

What are the pyrimidines in DNA?

A

Cytosine and thymine

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14
Q

What are the pyrimidines in RNA?

A

Cytosine and uracil

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15
Q

How do organic bases pair?

A

A purine with a pyrimidine

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16
Q

How many base pairs are in a full turn of the double helix?

A

10

17
Q

How are chromosomes formed?

A

The DNA is wound around histone proteins to form chromosomes

18
Q

How are genes present on a chromosome?

A

They are spaced out along at intervals along the chromosomes

19
Q

What are the two ends of a double helix?

A

The 5’ and 3’ end

20
Q

What is the 5’ end?

A

The end where the phosphate joins to carbon 5

21
Q

What is the 3’ end?

A

The end where the phosphate joins to the carbon 3

22
Q

What is the direction of DNA?

A

Antiparallel

23
Q

Why is DNA antiparallel?

A

The two strands are joined together and run in opposite directions

24
Q

How is the double helix formed?

A

The strands twist around histone proteins

25
Q

How are the 2 strands joined together?

A

They are joined together by hydrogen bods between to complementary base pairs

26
Q

What are the 3 components of a strand?

A

Phosphate, ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base

27
Q

What is the sugar-phosphate backbone?

A

The phosphate and sugar joined together

28
Q

How many bonds are between A and T?

A

2 hydrogen bonds

29
Q

How many bonds are between C and G?

A

3 hydrogen bonds

A level Biology - 2.1.3 Nucleotides (8 decks)

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