DNA and RNA Flashcards
What is the 5 sugar in DNA?
Deoxyribose sugar
What is the 5C sugar in RNA?
Ribose sugar
What are the bases in DNA?
Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
What are the bases in RNA?
Adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine
What is the structure of DNA?
It is a double stranded double helix
What is the structure of RNA?
It is single stranded
Why are DNA and RNA charged?
The phosphate group
What elements do bases contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
What are the 2 types of organic baes?
Purine and pyrimidine
What is a purine?
A two ring base
What is a pyrimidine?
Single ring bases
What are the purines in DNA and RNA?
Adenine and guanine
What are the pyrimidines in DNA?
Cytosine and thymine
What are the pyrimidines in RNA?
Cytosine and uracil
How do organic bases pair?
A purine with a pyrimidine
How many base pairs are in a full turn of the double helix?
10
How are chromosomes formed?
The DNA is wound around histone proteins to form chromosomes
How are genes present on a chromosome?
They are spaced out along at intervals along the chromosomes
What are the two ends of a double helix?
The 5’ and 3’ end
What is the 5’ end?
The end where the phosphate joins to carbon 5
What is the 3’ end?
The end where the phosphate joins to the carbon 3
What is the direction of DNA?
Antiparallel
Why is DNA antiparallel?
The two strands are joined together and run in opposite directions
How is the double helix formed?
The strands twist around histone proteins
How are the 2 strands joined together?
They are joined together by hydrogen bods between to complementary base pairs
What are the 3 components of a strand?
Phosphate, ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base
What is the sugar-phosphate backbone?
The phosphate and sugar joined together
How many bonds are between A and T?
2 hydrogen bonds
How many bonds are between C and G?
3 hydrogen bonds
