ATP Flashcards
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What type of molecule is ATP?
Phosphorylase molecule
What is ADP?
Adenosine diphosphate
How do you form ADP?
Breaking down a phosphate
What is the enzyme used for making ATP?
ATP synthase
How is ATP synthesised?
During aerobic respiration, the cells’ mitochondria synthesise ATP using glucose and oxygen as raw materials using an enzyme
What do the bonds in ATP store?
The energy released when glucose is oxidised
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP
What happens when a cellular reaction requires ATP?
ATP can be broke down to ADP + Pi
How is energy released from ATP?
From the bond breaking when the phosphate group is broken off
What kind of reaction is the break down of ATP?
It is reversible
What kind of reaction is ATP synthesis?
Phosphorylation (adding a phosphate)
What reaction releases the phosphate group?
Hydrolysis
What reaction adds the phosphate group?
Condensation
What are energy uses of ATP?
Synthesis, transport and movement
What is an example of the use of ATP in synthesis?
Protein synthesis
What is an example of the use of ATP in transport?
Active transport
What is an example of the use of ATP in movement?
Protein fibres in muscle cells when they contract
What kind of energy store is ATP bad at?
Long term energy storage
Why is ATP not good for long term energy storage
The phosphate bonds in ATP are unstable
What kind of energy storage is ATP good for?
Immediate energy store
How is ATP stored in cells?
They do not store large amounts of ATP but are constantly reforming it from ADP + Pi as it’s used up
What are properties of ATP?
It is small, water soluble, good intermediate energy supply, releases energy in small quantities and easily regenerated
What is ATP small?
It moves in and out of cells easily
Why is ATP water soluble?
Energy requiring reaction happen in aqueous environments, such as the stroma
Why is ATP a good intermediate sized energy supply?
The bonds between phosphates so it is large enough for cellular reactions but small enough so energy isn’t wasted as heat?
Why is does ATP release energy in small quantities?
It is suitable for the cell’s needs so energy isn’t wasted as heat
Why is ATP easily regenerated?
It can be recharged with energy by phosphorylation
