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A level Biology - 2.1.3 Nucleotides > ATP > Flashcards

ATP Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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2
Q

What type of molecule is ATP?

A

Phosphorylase molecule

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3
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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4
Q

How do you form ADP?

A

Breaking down a phosphate

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5
Q

What is the enzyme used for making ATP?

A

ATP synthase

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6
Q

How is ATP synthesised?

A

During aerobic respiration, the cells’ mitochondria synthesise ATP using glucose and oxygen as raw materials using an enzyme

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7
Q

What do the bonds in ATP store?

A

The energy released when glucose is oxidised

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8
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP

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9
Q

What happens when a cellular reaction requires ATP?

A

ATP can be broke down to ADP + Pi

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10
Q

How is energy released from ATP?

A

From the bond breaking when the phosphate group is broken off

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11
Q

What kind of reaction is the break down of ATP?

A

It is reversible

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12
Q

What kind of reaction is ATP synthesis?

A

Phosphorylation (adding a phosphate)

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13
Q

What reaction releases the phosphate group?

A

Hydrolysis

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14
Q

What reaction adds the phosphate group?

A

Condensation

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15
Q

What are energy uses of ATP?

A

Synthesis, transport and movement

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16
Q

What is an example of the use of ATP in synthesis?

A

Protein synthesis

17
Q

What is an example of the use of ATP in transport?

A

Active transport

18
Q

What is an example of the use of ATP in movement?

A

Protein fibres in muscle cells when they contract

19
Q

What kind of energy store is ATP bad at?

A

Long term energy storage

20
Q

Why is ATP not good for long term energy storage

A

The phosphate bonds in ATP are unstable

21
Q

What kind of energy storage is ATP good for?

A

Immediate energy store

22
Q

How is ATP stored in cells?

A

They do not store large amounts of ATP but are constantly reforming it from ADP + Pi as it’s used up

23
Q

What are properties of ATP?

A

It is small, water soluble, good intermediate energy supply, releases energy in small quantities and easily regenerated

24
Q

What is ATP small?

A

It moves in and out of cells easily

25
Q

Why is ATP water soluble?

A

Energy requiring reaction happen in aqueous environments, such as the stroma

26
Q

Why is ATP a good intermediate sized energy supply?

A

The bonds between phosphates so it is large enough for cellular reactions but small enough so energy isn’t wasted as heat?

27
Q

Why is does ATP release energy in small quantities?

A

It is suitable for the cell’s needs so energy isn’t wasted as heat

28
Q

Why is ATP easily regenerated?

A

It can be recharged with energy by phosphorylation

A level Biology - 2.1.3 Nucleotides (8 decks)

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