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BIO TOOL 4 > NUCLEIC ACIDS > Flashcards

NUCLEIC ACIDS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

polymers that consist of nucleotide residues

A

nucleic acids

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2
Q

elemental composition of nucleic acid

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

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3
Q

energy rich compounds that drive metabolic process in cell

A

nucleotides

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4
Q

each nucleotide is formed by 3 units

A

phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base

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5
Q

contains 3 monovalent hydroxyl group and a divalent oxygen atom

A

phosphoric acid

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6
Q

2 types of nitrogenous base

A

purine and pyrimidine

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7
Q

purines

A

adenine, guanine

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8
Q

pyrimidine

A

uracil, thymine, cytosine

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9
Q

when ribose or 2-deoxyribose is combined with purine or pyrimidine base

A

nucleoside

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10
Q

material of inheritance

A

DNA

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11
Q

DNA is discovered by

A

Frankilin, Watson, and Crick

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12
Q

bases are joined by

A

hydrogen bonds

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13
Q

sequence of its nucleotide residue

A

primary structure

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14
Q

helix formed by two DNA strands

A

secondary structure

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15
Q

3d shape, arises from supercoiling where double helix is being twisted into compact shape

A

tertiary structure

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16
Q

long unbranched macromolecule consisting of nucleotides joined by 3’ to 5’ phosphodiester bonds

A

RNA

17
Q

transfers genetic info from genes to ribosomes to synthesize proteins

A

mRNA

18
Q

transfers amino acids to mRNA for protein synthesis

A

tRNA

19
Q

provides structural framework for ribosomes

A

rRNA

20
Q

the process by which a replica or identical copy of DNA is made when a cell divides

A

replication

21
Q

the process by which the genetic messages contained in DNA are read and copied

A

transcription

22
Q

the process by which the genetic messages are decoded and used to build proteins

A

translation

23
Q

4 steps in transcription

A

initiation
elongation
termination
processing

24
Q

3 steps in translation

A

inititation
elongation
termination

25
Q

series of three ribonucleotides that code for specific amino acids

A

codons

26
Q

contains two or more DNA segments not found together in nature

A

recombinant DNA

BIO TOOL 4 (9 decks)

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