Nucleic Acid Flashcards
● Are organic compounds that serve as
genetic information storage molecules.
● Provides the information to make
proteins
Nucleic Acid
What is the monomer of
NUCLEIC ACID?
Nucleotides
What is the monomer of
NUCLEIC ACID?
Nucleotides
Is made up of five-carbon sugar,
phosphate group and nitrogenous base,
arranged in two long strands that forms
a spiral called a double helix.
Nucleotide
a naturally occurring
chemical compound that serve as the
primary information carrying molecule in
cell and make up genetic material.
Nucleic Acid
3 TYPES OF RNA
● mRNA – Messenger RNA
● rRNA – Ribosomal RNA
● tRNA – Transfer RNA
● Carries genetic codes from DNA to
Ribosomes
● Nucleus to Ribosomes
Mrna
● Consist of 80% of the total RNA in the
body found in the ribosomes.
● They stay in the ribosomes that is found
in the cell.
rRna
They transfer amino acids during
protein synthesis
tRna
molecules that speed up
the rate of chemical
reaction.
Enzymes
A region of the DNA that was replicated
will be converted into mRNA.
Transcription
Information in the nucleotide base
sequence of mRNA is used to dictate
the amino acid sequence of a protein.
Translation
are large category of mutations that
describe a change in single
nucleotide of DNA, that causes that
DNA to be different from the normal
type gene sequence.
Point mutation
● It has no effect on the protein sequence
silent mutation
● It results in an amino acid substitution
Missense mutation
● It substitute a stop codon for an amino
acid
Nonsense mutation
● the DNA is divided into codons (or a trio
of nucleotides).
● A deletion or insertion of one or more
nucleotides will change the reading
frame of the coding strand or how the
codons are read.
Frameshift mutation
● are commonly in the form of toxic chemicals
and harmful radiation.
● Sometimes, mistakes occur in DNA
replication, mitosis and meiosis. All of these
can alter the DNA sequence and length.
Mutagens
produces transgenic or GM
crops of organisms. Scientists have
developed methods to move genes from
one species into another.
Genetic Engineering
When DNA from two different
species is joined together, it is
called
Recombinant DNA
are able to manufacture genetic
products foreign to them using
recombinant DNA.
Transgenic Organism
has already been applied to bacteria,
plants and animals. These organisms
are engineered to be of use to humans.
Genetic Engineering
present
organisms with an advantage over
others and ensure their survival
Favorable Mutation
are single cells that can survive on their
own, inside and outside the body
Bacteria
