nucleic acid

Question 1

elements in nucleic acids?

Answer 1

C H O N & P

Question 2

“nucleic acids” definition

Answer 2

large polymers formed from many nucleotides (monomers)

Question 3

nucleotide components?

Answer 3

• pentose monosaccharide
• phosphate group PO4 2-
• nitrogenous base

Question 4

“pentose monosaccharide”

Answer 4

monosaccharide containing 5 carbon atoms

Question 5

“phosphate group”

Answer 5

inorganic molecule that’s acidic and negatively charged

Question 6

“nitrogenous base”

Answer 6

complex organic molecules contains 1 / 2 carbon rings + nitrogen in structure

Question 7

nucleotides reaction?

Answer 7

condensation reaction of nucleotides —> polynucleotide

phosphate group at C5 of pentose sugar forms covalent bonds with hydroxyl group of C3 adjacent nucleotide’s pentose sugar

Question 8

where do the bonds form between nucleotides?

Answer 8

phosphate group at C5 of pentose sugar forms phosphodiester bonds with hydroxyl group at C3 of adjacent pentose sugar

Question 9

phosphodiester bonds

Question 10

how are the bonds between nucleotides broken?

Answer 10

phosphodiester bonds broken by hydrolysis

Question 11

“deoxyribose”

Answer 11

sugar with one less oxygen atom that ribose

Question 12

DNA bases:

Answer 12

A T C G

Question 13

“pyramidines”

Answer 13

smaller bases with single carbon ring structures

Question 14

which bases are pyramidine?

Answer 14

T & C

(inside of AT CG ; smaller = protected)

Question 15

“purine”

Answer 15

larger bases with double carbon ring structures

Question 16

which bases are purine?

Answer 16

A & G

*(outside of AT CG ; bigger = protecting) *

Question 17

what is the DNA double helix?

Answer 17

2 strands of polynucleotides coiled into a helix

Question 18

what are the bonds between the double helixes?

Answer 18

hydrogen bonds between complementary bases

Question 19

what does each strand have?

Answer 19

• phosphate group ‘5 end
• hydroxyl group ‘3 end

antiparallel

Question 20

double helix strand arrangement?

Answer 20

antiparallel strands = strand reading forwards on one with read identically from the opposite side on the other

Question 21

number of bonds between A & T?

Answer 21

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 22

number of bonds between C & G?

Answer 22

3 hydrogen bonds

Question 23

why are pyramidine purine arrangements necessary?

Answer 23

smaller pyramidine always binds to larger purine = maintains constant distance between DNA backbone = parallel polynucleotide chains

Question 24

what does complementary base pairing mean for DNA?

Answer 24

same number of A & T and same number of C & G