cell structures Flashcards
what are prokaryotic cells?
for single-celled organisms + have only cytoplasm & cytosol
what are eukaryotic cells?
for multicellular organisms & have membrane bound nucleus, organelles & cytoplasm
“organelles”
membrane bound compartments of the cell
animal cell ultrastructures?
nuclear pore, nucleus, nucleolus, Golgi body, cell surface membrane, microtubules centriole, mitochondria, RER, SER
“nuclear pore”
gaps that allow small molecules to move in and out the nucleus
“nucleus”
stores genetic information of the cell as DNA
“nucleolus”
- where, what made of, what does it do
inside nucleus, composed of proteins + RNA, responsible for ribosome biogenesis (creation)
“nuclear envelope”
double membrane protecting DNA from damage by cytoplasm
“mitochondria”
site of cellular respiration
mitochondria structure?
double membrane - inner membrane (cristae) fluid interior (matrix)
reproduce on town + produce own enzymes etc
“vesicles”
single-membranous sacs that have storage and transport roles
“lysosomes”
specialised vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzyme
responsible for breaking down waste materials
“cytoskeleton” + 3 components
network of fibres necessary for shape & stability in all eukaryote cytoplasms
- microfilaments
- microtubulues
- intermediate fibres
“microfilaments”
contractile fibres formed from actin responsible for cell movement and contraction during cytokinesis
“microtubules”
tubes forming scaffold like structures determining shape of cell + track movement of organelles around cell
spindle fibres r made from microtubules
“intermediate fibres”
give mechanical strength to cells and help maintain integrity
“centrioles”
made of microtubules - transport organelles and helps form spindle fibres
“flagella” whip-like
enable cell mobility and sometimes detect chemical changes as sensory organelle
“cilia” hair-like
stationary = on surface or cells as sensory organs
mobile = beat in rhythmic manner to can fluids + objects nearby to move away
flagella vs cilia
flagella longer but cilia more present
what are endoplasmic reticulums?
network of membranes containing flattened sacs called cistern - connected to outer membrane of nucleus
“smooth endoplasmic reticulum”
lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage
“rough endoplasmic reticulum”
protein synthesis and transport (ribosomes bound to surface)
“ribosomes”
what they do, what made of, where, size
size 80S
site of protein synthesis, made of RNA, not membrane bound = free cytoplasm floating or on RER
