Nuclear substances and radiation devices regulations Flashcards
bulk quantity
> 1 tonne
>1 tonne per year per nuclear facility
conditional clearance level
activity concentration that does not result in effective dose
> 1 mSv in a year due to a lower probability event referred to in IAEA safety standard
or > 10 uSv in a year
depleted uranium
uranium that contains uranium 235 in a concentration that is less than that normally found in nature (i.e. natural uranium)
exemption quantity
- activity concentration is set out in column 2 (if uniform and not in bulk) or column 3 of schedule 1, or else
- 10 Bq/g if Z < 81 and substance is uniformly distributed and not in bulk quantity
- 10,000 Bq if Z<81 and in bulk
- 10 Bq/g if Z > 81 but substance or progeny do not emit alpha radiation, and substance is not in bulk
- 10,000 Mq if Z > 81 but substance or progeny does not emit alpha radiation, and substance is in bulk
- 1 Bq/g if Z > 81 and substance or progeny emits alpha and item not in bulk
- 1000 Bq if Z > 81 and substsnce or progency emits alpha and item in bulk
(c) in respect of more than one radioactive nuclear
substance,
(i) if the radioactive nuclear substances are uniformly distributed in material and not in bulk
quantity, the quotient obtained by dividing the total
activity concentration by the sum of quotients obtained by dividing the activity concentration of each
radioactive nuclear substance by its corresponding
exemption quantity as referred to above, or
(ii) the quotient obtained by dividing the total activity by the corresponding sum of quotients obtained by dividing the activity of each radioactive
nuclear substance by its corresponding exemption
quantity as referred to above
exposure device
device for gamma radiography
IAEA safety standard RS-G-1.7
Application
of the Concepts of Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance
nuclear criticality
self-sustaining chain reaction of nuclear fission
radiation device
(a) a device that contains more than the exemption
quantity of a nuclear substance and that enables the
nuclear substance to be used for its radiation properties; and
(b) a device that contains a radium luminous compound.
specific activity
activity per unit mass
unconditional clearance level
- for a material that is uniformly distributed (except for surface contaminated material):
- activity concentration set out in column 2 of schedule 2 or else
- 1 Bq/g if Z < 81
- 1 Bq/g if Z > 81 but substance or its progeny does not emit alphas
- 0.1 Bq/g if Z > 81 and substance or its progeny emits alphas
or
in respect of more than one radioactive nuclear
substance — except for Thorium 232, Uranium 235,
Uranium 238 and their radioactive progeny mentioned
in paragraph 4.3 of the IAEA Safety Standard RS-G-1.7
— is the quotient obtained by dividing the total activity
concentration by the sum of quotients obtained by dividing the activity concentration of each radioactive
nuclear substance by its corresponding activity concentration as referred to above
what does this reg apply to?
- all nuclear substances and sealed sources, as well as radiation devices that are not included in class II prescribed equipment
- does not apply to packaging or transport
what should license include (in addition to info required by general nuclear safety and control regulations)
- methods for activity
- how will release of radioactivity be monitored
- how will dose rate be detected and recorded
- how will contamination spread be limited
- how will a person, site or equipment be decontaminated
- location of activity
- roles, qualifications of workers
- training for workers
- instructions for dealing with accidents that involve the nuclear substance
- inspection program
- how will radiation surveys meters be calibrated
- how will dosimeters be calibrated and verified
- how will leak tests and surveys be conducted
- design of the room if unsealed source
- brand name and model number if nuc substance is contained in a radiation device
- procedure for disposal of device or return to manufacturer
- if category I, II, or III material, the measures to prevent nuclear criticality, and info required by nuclear safety regulations as applicable
what is on application to service radiation device (in addition to info required by general nuclear safety and control regulations)
- brand name and model # of device
- description of servicing
- methods for servicing
- qualifications and training of workers
- procedures after servicing to confirm device is safe
when is someone exempt from a license?
- can handle nuc if activity concentration does not exceed exemption quantity, conditional clearance level, or unconditional clearance level
- handle sealed source if it contains less than exemption quantity
- handle radiation device if quantify of nuclear substance < 10 X exemption quantity
- handle deuterium if < 10 kg/year
- handle depleted uranium that is used as counterweight in aircrafts if it is labelled, labelled unauthorized, no alterations or treatment is done
- handle depleted uranium, natural uranium, natural thorium if < 10 kg/year and not used for radiation properties
- handle includes import/export, trasfer, store, use, abandon
where do the exemptions not apply?
category I, II or III substances
import/export of nuc where nuclear non-proliferation import and export control regulations apply
where can someone abandon or dispose without a license?
if activity doesn’t exceed
- exemption quantity
- conditional clearance level
- unconditional clearance level
does’t apply to category I,II or III or its discharges
what are radioactive substances that someone can use, transfer, possess, abandon without a license as long as requirements are met?
- smoke detectors
- tritium safety signs
- devices with radium luminous compounds
- check sources
limit activity of a check source that can be used without a license
i) < 370 kBq, and substenace and its progeny don’t emit alphas
ii) < 3.7 kBq if Z > 81 and substance or progency emit alphas
- does rate doesn’t exceed 1 uSv/h at 0.1 m
-the radioactive nuclear substance in the check
source, when it is mounted in its holder, conforms to
International Standard 2919, Radiation Protection —
Sealed radioactive sources — General requirements
and classification (1999), of the International Organization for Standardization
- the check source, if it is a sealed source, meets the
tests specified in ANSI/HPS N43.6-1997, Sealed Radioactive Sources — Classification, of the American
National Standards Institute/Health Physics Society
- all markings and labels are legible
- design prevents people from making direct contact with nuc materials
can we use a radiation device that isn;t certified?
No, unless license allows its use for development
what must be included on application to certify a device?
- name and address
- name and address of manufacturer
- brand name and model
- design and use of device
- name and quantity of nuc in device
- how is nuc incorporated
- expected radiation around the device in all modes of operation
- instructions for use, transportation, and service
- instructions for leak tests
- instructions for dealing with accidents
- describe the labelling
- QA followed during design and that will be followed during production
- reommended inspection and servicing
when do the requirements for leak tests apply?
> 50 MBq source
doesn’t apply to gaseous sources, used or stored underwater with a device that detects water-borne contamination
when must leak tests be applied?
- before using source after it was stored for 12 or more months
- if it being stored, then every 24 months
- immediately after an event that may have damaged the source
- if source is in a radiation device, every 12 months
- if source is not in radiation device, every 6 months
what must one be able to detect with leak test
200 Bq or less
requirements on application to certify some as exposure device operator
- name and business address
- training and experience
- finished exam recognized by commission
obligations of licensees regarding exposure devices
- must have steel or brass tag affixed with name of nuc, quantity, date, form of nuc
- lock exposure device
- return the dosimeter used for the person exposed, with 10 days after the period specified
when does licensee of exposure device have to contact commission?
- device is stolen, damaged
- dose rate > 2 mSv/h when sealed source assembly is in shielded position
- sealed source fails to return to shielded position
- sealed source is separated from exposure device when latter is not being serviced
when do the requirements for leak tests apply?
> 50 MBq source
doesn’t apply to gaseous sources, used or stored underwater with a device that detects water-borne contamination
when must leak tests be applied?
- before using source after it was stored for 12 or more months
- if it being stored, then every 24 months
- immediately after an event that may have damaged the source
- if source is in a radiation device, every 12 months
- if source is not in radiation device, every 6 months
what must one be able to detect with leak test
200 Bq or less
requirements on application to certify some as exposure device operator
- name and business address
- training and experience
- finished exam recognized by commission
obligations of licensees regarding exposure devices
- must have steel or brass tag affixed with name of nuc, quantity, date, form of nuc
- lock exposure device
when does licensee of exposure device have to contact commission?
- device is stolen, damaged
- dose rate > 2 mSv/h when sealed source assembly is in shielded position
- sealed source fails to return to shielded position
- sealed source is separated from exposure device when latter is not being serviced
column 2 vs 3
schedule 1
column 2 of exemption quantities- substance is uniformly distributed in a material and not in bulk quantity
column 3 of exemption quantities- substance is in bulk quantity
column 3 > column 1 by 1000-10^7
column 2 of unconditional clearance level (schedule 2) is separate
column 2 in schedule 2 can be smaller or larger than column 2 in schedule 1
when must leak tests be applied?
- before using source after it was stored for 12 or more months
- if it being stored, then every 24 months
- immediately after an event that may have damaged the source
- if source is in a radiation device, every 12 months
- if source is not in radiation device, every 6 months
what must one be able to detect with leak test
200 Bq or less
requirements on application to certify some as exposure device operator
- name and business address
- training and experience
- finished exam recognized by commission
obligations of licensees regarding exposure devices
- must have steel or brass tag affixed with name of nuc, quantity, date, form of nuc
- lock exposure device
- return the dosimeter used for the person exposed, with 10 days after the period specified (15 days usually)
when does licensee of exposure device have to contact commission?
- device is stolen, damaged
- dose rate > 2 mSv/h when sealed source assembly is in shielded position
- sealed source fails to return to shielded position
- sealed source is separated from exposure device when latter is not being serviced
- spill of unsealed nuc in column 1 that ptoduced > 100 times the activity set out in column 3, or of a nuc not in column 1
-file report within 21 days
what must licensee provide operator with for exposure device?
- survey meter 20uSv- 100 mSv/h, capable of saying it needs batteries
- material that can attenuate x100 if an external sealed source assembly guide tube is to be used
- tongs to handle assembly and tools that can sever tube from exposure device
- body dosimeter calibrated within last 12 months, within 20 % accuracy of true reading (this is the dosimeter that is returned after 15 days)
- body dosimeter must emit alarm when dose rate reaches 5 mSv/h or total radiation exceeds 2 mSv
- signs with radiation warning symbol
- operator has obligation to follow these regs
what must licensee limit dose of radiation received by another person (unless NEW) to as a result of possession or use of an exposure device?
- 1 mSv/week
0. 5 mSv/yr
for what dose rate must the operator place people or erect barriers to prevent entry into the area for an exposure device?
0.1 mSv/h
tracer studies
- if > 2 GBq, must notify commission within 60 days of:
- study date/location
- name, quantity of nuc used
- name of person for whom estudy was conducted
- names of workers who handlded nucs and bioassay results for them
- any unusual event
- how unused nucs were disposed
- specific activity of nuc upon entering and leaving system studied
what record does soemone who services radiation devices have to keep for each service rendered?
- name and address of client
- licence number of client
- brand name, model number, and serial number of device
- name, quantity, and date of nuc
- summary of work and day it was done
what must be included on incident report to commission?
- describe event
- probable cause
- nuc brand name, model etc
- date, time, location of event, or best estimate
- what licensee is doing to establish normal operations and prevent recurrence
- if situation involved an exposure device, qualifications of workers involed
- effective dose and equivalent dose received by any person
- effects on environment, health, safety…
column 2 vs 3
schedule 1
column 2 of exemption quantities- substance is uniformly distributed in a mterial and not in bulk quantity
column 3 of exemption quantities- substance is in bulk quantity
column 2 of unconditional clearance level (schedule 2) is separate
what does exemption mean? vs clearance level?
radiation sources that never enter the regulatory control regime = exemption
radiation sources which are released from regulatory control = clearance
what does unconditional clearance level mean
-clearance levels that apply to solid materials irrespective of the use to which those materials are put or their destination after control has been relinquished
what does conditional clearance level mean?
-clearance is conditional on material being used in way specified or being sent to prescribed destination after release
