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PRELIMS - 3RD YEAR TRANSES > NUCLEAR MEDICINE (NUCMED) > Flashcards

NUCLEAR MEDICINE (NUCMED) Flashcards

1
Q

Krypton81m

A

13.1 sec

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2
Q

Nitrogen 13

A

9.96 min

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3
Q

Oxygen 15

A

122.24 sec

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4
Q

Phosphorus 32

A

14.3 days

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5
Q

Strontium 89

A

50.5 days

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6
Q

Strontium 90

A

28.8 years

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7
Q

Radium 226

A

1,600 years

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8
Q

Technetium 99m

A

6.02 hr

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9
Q

Thallium 201

A

72.9 hr

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10
Q

Yttrium 90

A

64.1 hr

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11
Q

Gold 198

A

2.697 days

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12
Q

Carbon 11

A

20.38 min

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13
Q

Cobalt 60

A

5.26 years

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14
Q

Chromium 51

A

27.7 days

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15
Q

Cesium 137

A

30 years

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16
Q

Fluorine 18

A

109.77 min

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17
Q

Gallium 67

A

78.3 hr

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18
Q

Iodine 123

A

13.27 hr

19
Q

Iodine - 125

A

59.6 days

20
Q

Iodine - 131

A

8.04 days

21
Q

Indium - 111

A

28 days

22
Q

Iridium - 292

A

74.3 days

23
Q

The time interval required for the radioactivity of a certain amount
of radioactive substance distributed in tissues and organs to
decrease to half its original value due to radioactive decay and
biological elimination.

A

Effective half life time (Te)

24
Q

The time interval required for the body to eliminate 50% of any
substance by normal routes of elimination: metabolic turn over
andexcretion.

A

Biological half life time (Tb)

25
Q

The time interval required for an amount of certain radioactive
nuclei to decay to half of its original value.

A

Physical half life time (Tp)

26
Q

___ is considered the father of the modern theory of atoms and molecules

A

John Dalton

27
Q

In 1803, this English schoolteacher stated that all atoms of a given element are chemically identical, are unchanged by chemical reaction, and combine in a ratio of simple numbers. ___ measured atomic weights in reference to hydrogen, to which he assigned the value of 1 (the atomic number of this element).

A

Dalton

28
Q

The discovery of x-rays by __ in __ was a great contribution to physics and the care of the sick.

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen; 1895/6

29
Q

A few months later another physicist, ___ , discovered naturally occurring radioactive substances.

A

Henri Becquerel

30
Q

In 1898 __ discovered two new elements in the uranium ore pitchblende. __ named these trace elements __ (after her homeland, Poland) and __. __ also coined the terms radioactive and radioactivity.

A

Marie Curie; polonium and radium

31
Q

In 1923 __, often called the “father of nuclear medicine,” developed the tracer principle. He coined the term __ and extended his studies from inorganic to organic chemistry.

A

Georg de Hevesy; radioindicator

32
Q

The first radioindicators were naturally occurring substances such as __ and __.

A

radium and radon

33
Q

The invention of the cyclotron by __ in 1931 made it possible for de Hevesy to expand his studies to a broader spectrum of biologic processes by using phosphorus-32, sodium-22, and other cyclotron-produced (man made) radioactive tracers.

A

Ernest Lawrence

34
Q

__ began to be produced in nuclear reactors developed by Enrico Fermi and his colleagues in 1946.

A

Radioactive elements

35
Q

A key development was the introduction of the gamma camera by __ in 1958.

A

Hal Anger

36
Q

Another major event that contributed to the development of molecular nuclear medicine was the invention of the ___, which was able to perform __

A

Univac digital computer; 5000 calculations per second.

37
Q

The __ was one of the first organs to be examined by nuclear medicine studies using external radiation detectors.

A

thyroid

38
Q

The __ used in nuclear medicine are produced in reactors, or particle accelerators.

A

radionuclides

39
Q

The number of protons in the target nuclei is changed when the nuclei are bombarded by the ___, and a new element or radionuclide is produced.

A

high-speed charged particles

40
Q

___ can be created in nuclear reactors either by inserting a target element into the reactor core where it is irradiated or by separating and collecting the fission products.

A

Radionuclides

41
Q

The most commonly used radionuclide in nuclear medicine today is ___, which is produced in a generator system. This system makes available desirable __ which are formed by the decay of relatively longer-lived radionuclides-the parents.

A

technetium 99mTc; short-lived radionuclides-the daughters

42
Q

The generator system uses __ as the parent. __ has a half-life of __ hour and decays (86%) to a daughter product known as metastable technetium (99mTc).

A

molybdenum-99; 66.7

43
Q

99mTc exhibits nearly ideal characteristics for use in nuclear medicine examinations, including a relatively short physical half-life of __ and a high-yield (98.6%) __keV, low energy, gamma photon

A

6.04 hour ; 140

PRELIMS - 3RD YEAR TRANSES (7 decks)

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