NUCLEAR MEDICINE (NUCMED) Flashcards
Krypton81m
13.1 sec
Nitrogen 13
9.96 min
Oxygen 15
122.24 sec
Phosphorus 32
14.3 days
Strontium 89
50.5 days
Strontium 90
28.8 years
Radium 226
1,600 years
Technetium 99m
6.02 hr
Thallium 201
72.9 hr
Yttrium 90
64.1 hr
Gold 198
2.697 days
Carbon 11
20.38 min
Cobalt 60
5.26 years
Chromium 51
27.7 days
Cesium 137
30 years
Fluorine 18
109.77 min
Gallium 67
78.3 hr
Iodine 123
13.27 hr
Iodine - 125
59.6 days
Iodine - 131
8.04 days
Indium - 111
28 days
Iridium - 292
74.3 days
The time interval required for the radioactivity of a certain amount
of radioactive substance distributed in tissues and organs to
decrease to half its original value due to radioactive decay and
biological elimination.
Effective half life time (Te)
The time interval required for the body to eliminate 50% of any
substance by normal routes of elimination: metabolic turn over
andexcretion.
Biological half life time (Tb)
The time interval required for an amount of certain radioactive
nuclei to decay to half of its original value.
Physical half life time (Tp)
___ is considered the father of the modern theory of atoms and molecules
John Dalton
In 1803, this English schoolteacher stated that all atoms of a given element are chemically identical, are unchanged by chemical reaction, and combine in a ratio of simple numbers. ___ measured atomic weights in reference to hydrogen, to which he assigned the value of 1 (the atomic number of this element).
Dalton
The discovery of x-rays by __ in __ was a great contribution to physics and the care of the sick.
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen; 1895/6
A few months later another physicist, ___ , discovered naturally occurring radioactive substances.
Henri Becquerel
In 1898 __ discovered two new elements in the uranium ore pitchblende. __ named these trace elements __ (after her homeland, Poland) and __. __ also coined the terms radioactive and radioactivity.
Marie Curie; polonium and radium
In 1923 __, often called the “father of nuclear medicine,” developed the tracer principle. He coined the term __ and extended his studies from inorganic to organic chemistry.
Georg de Hevesy; radioindicator
The first radioindicators were naturally occurring substances such as __ and __.
radium and radon
The invention of the cyclotron by __ in 1931 made it possible for de Hevesy to expand his studies to a broader spectrum of biologic processes by using phosphorus-32, sodium-22, and other cyclotron-produced (man made) radioactive tracers.
Ernest Lawrence
__ began to be produced in nuclear reactors developed by Enrico Fermi and his colleagues in 1946.
Radioactive elements
A key development was the introduction of the gamma camera by __ in 1958.
Hal Anger
Another major event that contributed to the development of molecular nuclear medicine was the invention of the ___, which was able to perform __
Univac digital computer; 5000 calculations per second.
The __ was one of the first organs to be examined by nuclear medicine studies using external radiation detectors.
thyroid
The __ used in nuclear medicine are produced in reactors, or particle accelerators.
radionuclides
The number of protons in the target nuclei is changed when the nuclei are bombarded by the ___, and a new element or radionuclide is produced.
high-speed charged particles
___ can be created in nuclear reactors either by inserting a target element into the reactor core where it is irradiated or by separating and collecting the fission products.
Radionuclides
The most commonly used radionuclide in nuclear medicine today is ___, which is produced in a generator system. This system makes available desirable __ which are formed by the decay of relatively longer-lived radionuclides-the parents.
technetium 99mTc; short-lived radionuclides-the daughters
The generator system uses __ as the parent. __ has a half-life of __ hour and decays (86%) to a daughter product known as metastable technetium (99mTc).
molybdenum-99; 66.7
99mTc exhibits nearly ideal characteristics for use in nuclear medicine examinations, including a relatively short physical half-life of __ and a high-yield (98.6%) __keV, low energy, gamma photon
6.04 hour ; 140
