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Year 4 Exams > Nuclear Medicine > Flashcards

Nuclear Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered spontaneous radioactivity of certain elements

a. Wilhelm Roentgen
b. Henri Becquerel
c. Thomas Edison
d. Mark Zuckenberg

A

b. Henri Becquerel

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2
Q

Radioactive isotopes are used:

a. in in vivo diagnosis of patients
b. in in vitro laboratory techniques (e.g. RIA)
c. in therapy of patients
d. in all described above indications

A

d. in all described above indications

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3
Q

Isotopes distribution in patients body is determined by:

a. gamma-camera
b. beta-camera
c. digital plates with detectors
d. x ray detectors

A

a. gamma-camera

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4
Q

Technetium 99 is obtained in:

a. generator
b. cyclotron
c. reactor
d. in all above

A

a. generator

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5
Q

The main task of the collimator (part of the gamma camera) is:

a. conversion of gamma rays into light photon
b. reduction of scattered radiation
c. conversion of light photons into electric impulses
d. protection of staff against radiation

A

b. reduction of scattered radiation

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6
Q

The main task of the scintillation crystal (part of the gamma camera) is:

a. conversion of gamma rays into light photons
b. reduction of scattered radiation
c. conversion of light photons into electric impulses
d. protection of staff against radiation

A

a. conversion of gamma rays into light photons

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7
Q

The main task of the photomultiplier system (part of the gamma camera) is:

a. conversion of gamma rays into light photons
b. reduction of scattered radiation
c. conversion of light photons into electric impulses
d. protection of staff against radiation

A

c. conversion of light photons into electric impulses

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8
Q

Which one does not belong to the techniques used in nuclear medicine:

a. planar scintigraphy
b. PET
c. SPECT
d. MR spectroscopy

A

d. MR spectroscopy

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9
Q

Which statement about SPECT is untrue:

a. it is three dimensional technique
b. it uses radioisotopes like Technetium 99 or lodine 131
c. it requires intravenous injection of FDG radioisotope
d. may be perform concomitantly with computed tomography

A

c. it requires intravenous injection of FDG radioisotope

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10
Q 
SPECT systems armed with two or more measuring
heads (gamma cameras) allow to:
a. reduce examination time
b. increase patient comfort
c. may reduce the cost of examination
d. all above
A

d. all above

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11
Q

Which statement about positron emission tomography PET is untrue:
a. PET registers the radiation produced during the
annihilation of positrons (anti-electrons) by combining with an electrons of the surrounding patient tissues
b. the source of positrons are patients examinated organs
c. The most often used radionuclide (tracer) is FDG Fluorodeoxyglucose(18F)
d. isotope-labeled metabolic substrates used in PET examinations are excellent indicators of the intensity of metabolic processes in patients tissues

A

b. the source of positrons are patients examinated organs

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12
Q

Which is not an indication for PET examination:

a. differentiation of small round lesion in lungs
b. search for metastases
c. chronic pancreatitis
d. examination of myocardial perfusion

A

c. chronic pancreatitis

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13
Q

Which examination should be order in patient with 5 mm round lesion in lung reported in computed tomography:

a. SPECT
b. planar scintigraphy
c. magnetic resonance
d. PET-CT

A

d. PET-CT

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14
Q

Which examination should be order first in patients with prostate cancer to exclude bone metastases:

a. PET
b. planar scintigraphy
c. computed tomography
d. SPECT with Iodine 131

A

b. planar scintigraphy

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15
Q

What is the main indication for examination of perfusion of myocardium:

a. assessment of coronary artery stenosis
b. accurate identification of viable myocardium
c. identification of calcifications in pericardium
d. all above

A

b. accurate identification of viable myocardium

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16
Q

Who discovered spontaneous radioactivity of certain elements

A

Marie Curie


Antoine Henri Becquerel

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17
Q

Who discovered spontaneous radioactivity of certain elements

a) Wilhelm Roetgen

b) Antoine Henri Becquerel
c) Hans Geiger together with Walter Muller
d) Benedict Cassen

A

b) Antoine Henri Becquerel

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18
Q

The cause/causes of hyperthyroidism are

A

Graves disease
Multinodular goiter
Thyreoiditis

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19
Q

Mark the True sentence about the thyroid gland. Thyroid gland produces the following hormones

A

Stimulated by TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

Produces:
T3 - Triiodothyronine hormone
T4 - Thyroxine hormone
Calcitonin

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20
Q

______ is not the symptom of hyperthyroidism

A

Increasing of the total cholesterol level (is NOT symptom of hyperthyroidism)

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21
Q

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A 
Nervousness, anxiety and irritability
Mood swings
Difficulty sleeping
Persistent tiredness and weakness
Sensitivity to heat
Swelling in your neck from an enlarged thyroid gland (goitre)
An irregular and/or unusually fast heart rate (palpitations)
Twitching or trembling
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22
Q

Symptoms of hypothyroidism

A 
Tiredness
Being sensitive to cold
Weight gain
Constipation
Depression
Slow movements and thoughts
Muscle aches and weakness
Muscle cramps
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23
Q

Biological material for the estimation of anti-TPO is

A

Serum

24
Q

Nuclear medicine activities include

A

Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures using isotopes

25
Q

Diagnosed hyperthyroidism lab values

A

TSH is low, fT4 is high

26
Q

Diagnosed primary hypothyroidism with disease in the thyroid gland lab values

A

TSH is high, FT4 is low

27
Q

Diagnosed hypothyroidism due to a problem involving the pituitary gland lab values

A

TSH is low, FT4 is low

28
Q

Radionuclides (radioisotopes) used in nuclear medicine are not obtain in:

a) reactor

b) cyclotron

c) generator
d) decelerator

A

d) decelerator

29
Q

Which is not stochastic (dose independent) effect of irradiation of humans

a) tumor

b) life shortening

c) radiation sickness
d) genetic changes

A

c) radiation sickness

30
Q

The uptake of isotopes in autonomic thyroid nodule

A

Is high

31
Q

The scintigraphy of thyroid gland is routinely performed using

A

Technetium 99mTc

32
Q

____ is not the indication for scintigraphy using 131-I

A

Hypothyroidism in the course of Hashimoto disease

33
Q

Parathyroid scintigraphy is performed

A

All of above

34
Q

The indication to radioactive iodine treatment is not

A

Thyroid enlargement

35
Q

The causes of ACTH independent Cushing’s syndrome do not include

A

Ectopic secretion of ACTH by neuroendocrine tumour

36
Q

Which examination(s) may you order for a patient with suspected pulmonary embolism

A

1 and 4 (CT angiography, perfusion and ventilating scintigraphy)

37
Q

The most common imaging tests of thyroid gland are

A

USG, scintigraphy

38
Q

Ionising radiation includes

A

Corpuscular radiation
X-ray
Gamma radiation
Electromagnetic radiations

39
Q

Contraindications for radio-iodine treatment are

a) pregnancy and breastfeeding
b) liver destruction
c) renail failure

d) none of the above

A

a) pregnancy and breastfeeding

40
Q

Most often thyroid scintigraphy is performed with:

a. Tc 99m
b. 18F- FDG

c. 131 l – MIBI
d. 18F – choline

A

a. Tc 99m

41
Q

The scinthigraphy of thyroid gland is routinely performed using

a) technetium 99m Tc
b) iodine 1310I
c) Iodine 123- i
d) gallium 66

A

a) technetium 99m Tc

42
Q

Radioiodine 131-I can be administered:

a. oraly in the treatment of benign thyroid diseases
b. intravenously as a radiopharmaceutical 131-I + MIBG in the treatment of pheochromocytoma

c. all of above

d. intraarticular

A

a. oraly in the treatment of benign thyroid diseases

43
Q

Which statement about radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine is untrue:

a. have short half live

b. emit photons

c. are gamma-ray emitters
d. have metastable forms

A

b. emit photons


44
Q

The scintigraphic image is visible due to the phenomenon of

a. scintillation
b. ionization

c. annihilation

d. absorptiometry

A

a. scintillation

45
Q

Patients after treatment with radioiodine should keep the special rules, except:

a) drinking high amounts of water

b) keeping the short distance between children

c) get pregnant earlier that 6 months after treatment
d) all of above

A

c) get pregnant earlier that 6 months after treatment

46
Q

The concentration of autoantibodies against TSH receptor is measured in:

a. serum
b. plasma

c. saliva

d. the content of the biopsy gland

A

a. serum

47
Q

The therapies in the treatment of benign and oncological diseases of the thyroid gland are:

a. surgery
b. radioactive iodine

c. pharmacological treatment
d. a and/or b

A

d. a and/or b

48
Q

……. Is not the symptom of hyperthyroidism


a. cold intolerance

b. difficulty in getting pregnant

c. increasing the total dose for insulin in the treatment of diabetes

d. increasing the frequency and intensity of chest pain (IHD – ischemic heart disease)

A

a. cold intolerance


49
Q

The most radiation sensitive are:

a) platelets

b) resting stem cells

c) proliferating precursor cells
d) lymphatic system cells

A

c) proliferating precursor cells

50
Q

The 18 F – FDG PECT / CT scan is indicated in following cancers, except:

a) lung cancer

b) breast cancer

c) melanoma
d) prostate cancer

A

d) prostate cancer

51
Q

The indication to bone scan (scintgraphy using 99mTc + MDP) are all of the below except:


a) suspiition of metastases

b) forearm fracture in osoporostic woman
c) acute and chronic osteomyletis
d) trauma and bone pain

A

c) acute and chronic osteomyletis

52
Q

In nuclear medicine we use


a) beta or gamma emitters (diagnostic procedure) : alpha emitters (treatment)

b) gamma emmiters (Diagnostic procedure): alpha or beta emitters (treatment)

c) alpha and gamma emitters (Diagnostic procedure) gamma emitters (treatment)
d) gamma emitters (diagnostic prodcure) alpha or beta or X-ray emitters (treatment)

A

b) gamma emmiters (Diagnostic procedure): alpha or beta emitters (treatment)


53
Q

Radio active isotopes are used:

a) in in vivo diagnosis of patients
b) in in vitro laboratory techniques (e.g. RIA)
c) in therapy of patients

d) in all descried above indications

A

d) in all descried above indications

54
Q

The main task of the scintillation crystal (part of the gamma camera) is:

a) conversion of gamma rays into light photons
b) reduction of scattered radiation

c) conversion of light photons into electric impulses
d) protection of staff against radiation

A

a) conversion of gamma rays into light photons

55
Q

Annihilation phenomenon is used during

a) planar scintigraphy

b) SPECT

c) PET
d) MRI

A

c) PET

56
Q

Hypothyroidism after radioactive iodine treatment


a) is a big mistake and dose dependent effect

b) can occur after a few months of treatment

c) is more frequent after toxic nodule therapy than after Graves disease therapy
d) is not the goal of this treatment

A

b) can occur after a few months of treatment


57
Q

To stop the alpha radiation…..is enough

a) sheet of paper

b) aluminum sheet

c) lead wall
d) none all above

A

a) sheet of paper


Year 4 Exams (11 decks)

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