Forensics Final Flashcards
Bending fractures usually result in the creation of a “Messerer’s wedge”. This is especially useful in reconstruction of traffic accident because it can tell us what was the direction of the force that acted on the bone. In the picture we see a right tibial bone from the foot. The pedestrian was hit by a car:
A. From the front
B. from the back
C. from the left side.
D. from ate right side,
E. impossible to tell the directioe of the force from this picture
A. From the front
B. from the back
C. from the left side.
D. from ate right side,
E. impossible to tell the directioe of the force from this picture
Conditions required for natural mummification are:
A. low tomperature, lack of air
B. low tempermune, fresh air
C. high temperatice, fresh air,
D. high temperature, lack of air,
E. lack of air, body full water immersion.
A. low tomperature, lack of air
B. low tempermune, fresh air
C. high temperatice, fresh air,
→ human jerky
D. high temperature, lack of air,
E. lack of air, body full water immersion.
Raspberry (cheery red) livailey,
A. can he observed in nitrogen
B. can be carbon monoxide intoxication.
C. can he observed in death due to hypothermia
D. It completely-inconclusise, we cannot suspect any cause of death due the fact that it can be observed in various death causes
E. A and C are correct
A. can he observed in nitrogen
B. can be observed only in carbon monoxide intoxication.
→ careful with only! it´s not only CO poisioning but it is mostly CO poisioning, also cyanide poisioning (pink-red) and hypothermia
C. can he observed in death due to hypothermia
D. It completely-inconclusise, we cannot suspect any cause of death due the fact that it can be observed in various death causes
E. A and C are correct
Nitrate= brown, hydrogen sulphite= green
Dead body found in the second half of Novmber at 10:00 AM near a road. We know from the prosecutor that probably yesterday at 11 PM he was hit by a car. During the forensic autopsy a doctor found multiple superficial abrasions, fracture of the distal left tibial end, well developed lividity, hyperaemia of internal organs. In histopathological examination no glycogen was found in hepatocites. Most probable cause of death is:
A. multiorgan trauma
B. fatty embolism
C. blood loss
D. hypothermia
E. drowning
A. multiorgan trauma
B. fatty embolism
C. blood loss
D. hypothermia
-> Lack of glycogen indicates bodies energy all used up to keep body tempearture. He was hit after he was already dead. Often occurs to drunks in winter, sleeping on the middle of the road for heat.
E. drowning
If a person was resuscitated before the death during the autopsy you can suspect injuries like
A. blood in pericardial sack
B. subdural hematoma.
C. stomach rupture,
D. broken ribs,
E. all of the above.
A. blood in pericardial sack
B. subdural hematoma.
C. stomach rupture,
D. broken ribs,
E. all of the above.
What can be not present in gunshot wound:
A. cory wound,
B.canal
C. exit wound,
D. abrasion collar,
E. C and D
A. cory wound,
B.canal
C. exit wound,
D. abrasion collar,
E. C and D
When forensic autopsy is not performed:
A. only proper authorities may decide whether the forensic autopsy should be performed,
B. when a death happens in hospital,
C. when skeletonization or advanced putrefaction happens.
D. when we know the identity of the deceased.
E. when no injuries are visible,
A. only proper authorities may decide whether the forensic autopsy should be performed,
B. when a death happens in hospital,
C. when skeletonization or advanced putrefaction happens.
D. when we know the identity of the deceased.
E. when no injuries are visible,
What proves that the injury was sustained before the death:
A. bruise and bleeding,
B. bruise, bleeding and bum mark,
C. word dall bruise and edcava,
D. braise, bleeding and healing,
E. all of the above.
A. bruise and bleeding,
B. bruise, bleeding and bum mark,
C. word dall bruise and edcava,
D. braise, bleeding and healing,
E. all of the above.
Rigor mortis:
A. during putrefaction it becomes more visible,
B. usually appears first in jaw.
C. every time it reappears after breaking.
D. is classified as uncertain death mark,
E. none of above answers is correct.
A. during putrefaction it becomes more visible,
B. usually appears first in jaw.
C. every time it reappears after breaking.
D. is classified as uncertain death mark,
E. none of above answers is correct.
Irregular wound with uneven, serrated edges and „tissue bridges” in the bottom was most probably caused by a tool which it
A. blunt.
B. pointy,
C. blunt-edged,
D. sharp,
E. A and C are correct.
A. blunt.
B. pointy,
C. blunt-edged,
D. sharp,
E. A and C are correct.
The most probable cause of death of person stabbed in the neck would be:
A. loss of blood.
B. air embolism,
C. fatty embolism,
D. A and B are correct,
E. all answers are correct.
A. loss of blood.
B. air embolism,
C. fatty embolism,
D. A and B are correct,
E. all answers are correct.
- Differences between men and women on bones are seen especially on
A. skull
B. chest - sternal ends of ribs,
C. long bones,
D. scapula,
E A and B.
A. skull
B. chest - sternal ends of ribs,
C. long bones,
D. scapula,
E A and B.
Severe hypothermia is when a body core temperature is less than;
A. 37 C.
B. 35°C.
C. 32°C.
D. 30 C.
E. there is no set temperature due to different organism susceptibility to cold.
A. 37 C.
B. 35°C.
C. 32°C.
D. 30 C.
-> Depending on source. Bellow 28/32
E. there is no set temperature due to different organism susceptibility to cold.
The crime of neonaticide:
A. can be committed by parents to their child,
B. can be committed any time,
C. is about killing of any child,
D. can be committed only during the time of labor,
E. is punished with extreme severity,
A. can be committed by parents to their child,
B. can be committed any time,
C. is about killing of any child,
D. can be committed only during the time of labor,
-> only during time of labour and only by the mother
E. is punished with extreme severity,
Carbon dioxide:
A. is a kind of suffocating gas,
B. leaves pale red discoloration of the muscles;
C. binds with hemoglobine in the blood,
D. has a smell of bitter almonds;
E. answers B and C are correct.
A. is a kind of suffocating gas,
→ = asphyxiant gas
B. leaves pale red discoloration of the muscles;
C. binds with hemoglobine in the blood,
D. has a smell of bitter almonds; (hydrogen cyanide smells like bitter almonds)
E. answers B and C are correct.
Local injury/njuries after electricity shock is/are:
A. stunning of the hearth pacemaker,
B. respiratory munscles paralysis,
C. water electrolyte disorders.
D. electrical mark,
E. all of the above.
A. stunning of the hearth pacemaker,
B. respiratory uncles paralysis,
C. water electrolyte disorders.
D. electrical mark,
E. all of the above.
Common places where bleeding can typically occur in the victim of hanging are:
A. steno cleido-mastioid muscles:
B. lumbal intervertebral dises;
C. neck intervertebral discs;
D. A and C are correct;
E. all answcel are correct.
A. steno cleido-mastioid muscles:
B. lumbal intervertebral dises;
C. neck intervertebral discs;
D. A and C are correct;
E. all answcel are correct.
What can cause death after an explosiont
A. shockwave impact,
B. impact by structures projected by the explosion,
C. hot gases burns,
D. building collapse.
E. all of the above.
A. shockwave impact,
B. impact by structures projected by the explosion,
C. hot gases burns,
D. building collapse.
E. all of the above.
Who decides that forensic autopsy can be performed before 12 hours since death in a hospital:
A. head of the ward,
B. prosecutor,
C. treating doctor,
D. A and B are correct.
E. all of the above are correct.
A. head of the ward,
B. prosecutor,
C. treating doctor,
D. A and B are correct.
E. all of the above are correct.
During the autopsy we can tell that death happend fast if we see:
A. pulmonary edema, lack of lividty
B. blood in the body cavities, yellow blood clots in big vessels,
C. liquid blood, hyperaemin of internal organs,
D. quick temperature drop rate, brain edema,
E. sudden autolysis or putrefaction.
A. pulmonary edema, lack of lividty
B. blood in the body cavities, yellow blood clots in big vessels,
C. liquid blood, hyperaemin of internal organs,
D. quick temperature drop rate, brain edema,
E. sudden autolysis or putrefaction.
Internal body temperature is 30°C, ambient temperature is 20°C, rigor mortis reappean partially after breaking, lividity is partially moving after body position change. Approximate time since death is (by the books):
A. less than 30 minutes,
B. 1-2 hours,
C. around 6 hours,
D.10-12 hours,
E. more than 24 hours
A. less than 30 minutes,
B. 1-2 hours,
C. around 6 hours,
D.10-12 hours,
E. more than 24 hours
Pedestrian bit by a car sustained injuries to the lower right extremity in the form of: bruise in inner collateral ankle ligament, bruise in the inner part of the distal epiphysis of the femur and blood in the ankle cavity. The doctor can tell that:
A. such injury cannot be the ground for accident reconstruction
B. pedestrian was hit from the left side
C. pedestrian was hit from the right side
D. pedestrian ran over by the car
E. Dedesthan was hit by a truck or all terrain vehicle
A. such injury cannot be the ground for accident reconstruction
B. pedestrian was hit from the left side
C. pedestrian was hit from the right side
D. pedestrian ran over by the car
E. Dedesthan was hit by a truck or all terrain vehicle
During the autopsy of a stab wound victim a doctor should NOT:
A. measure the distance between the wound and the sole of the foot,
B. describe the wounds with much care,
C. broaden the wound for better insight,
D. Test for metals in the borders of the wound,
E. check the wound by dissecting the tissues layer by layer.
A. measure the distance between the wound and the sole of the foot,
B. describe the wounds with much care,
C. broaden the wound for better insight,
D. Test for metals in the borders of the wound,
E. check the wound by dissecting the tissues layer by layer.
During the examination of the corpse at the place of it’s finding following death sigas were noted: lividity in the form of small dots in the occipital region, moving after body position change fading easily after thumb pressure and reappearing very quickly, very weak rigor typical conditions would be visible after: mortis visible only in lower extremities, body internal temperature 21°C. These findings in
A. 2-4 hours post mortem,
B. 8-12 hours post mortem,
C. more than 20 hours post mortem,
D. more than 36 hours post mortem,
E. time of death cannot be estimated on the basis of such findings,
A. 2-4 hours post mortem,
B. 8-12 hours post mortem,
C. more than 20 hours post mortem,
D. more than 36 hours post mortem,
E. time of death cannot be estimated on the basis of such findings,
Certain death marks are
A. rigor mortis, livor mortis,
B. rigor mortis, liver mortis and corneal diffusion,
C. rigor mortis, livor mortis, comeal diffusion and skin coldness,
D. rigor mortis, livor mortis and interlethal reactions,
E. none of the above answers is correct
A. rigor mortis, livor mortis,
B. rigor mortis, liver mortis and corneal diffusion,
C. rigor mortis, livor mortis, comeal diffusion and skin coldness,
D. rigor mortis, livor mortis and interlethal reactions,
E. none of the above answers is correct
What are the “preserving” late post-mortem changes:
A. adipocere formation, mummification.
B. mummification, autolysis,
C: adipocere formation, putrefaction,
D. skeletonization, adipocere formation,
E. all of the above.
A. adipocere formation, mummification.
B. mummification, autolysis,
C: adipocere formation, putrefaction,
D. skeletonization, adipocere formation,
E. all of the above.
A man was hit once with a fist to the face. He sustained broken nose that was crooked with broken septum and massive swelling. He was admitted to the hospital, the nose was set right. On the fifth day he breathes normally and you oberse only minor bruises. The proper criminal qualifications should be:
A. art. 156.
B. art. 157 2,
C. art. 157 1,
D. art. 157 5 2 but you tell the prosecutor that if not for the treatment it should be art. 157 1
E. art. 160
A. art. 156.
B. art. 157 2,
C. art. 157 1,
D. art. 157 5 2 but you tell the prosecutor that if not for the treatment it should be art. 157 1
E. art. 160
What murders are “privileged” (punished less severely)
A. traffic accident after alcohol intoxication,
B. murder with a use of a firearm,
C. euthanasia
D. murder of an old; sick person,
E. A and C
A. traffic accident after alcohol intoxication,
B. murder with a use of a firearm,
C. euthanasia
D. murder of an old; sick person,
E. A and C
Subdural hematoma:
A. is a result of vein rapture,
B. is a result of artery raptures
C. has only an acute form,
D. it always occurs with a skull fracture,
E. all of the above.
A. is a result of vein rapture,
B. is a result of artery raptures
C. has only an acute form,
D. it always occurs with a skull fracture,
E. all of the above.
Defensive incised wounds are seen
A. on the palms of the hands,
B. on the front of the forearm,
C. on the chest,
D. on the frontal part of the right log.
E. A and B
A. on the palms of the hands,
B. on the front of the forearm,
-> Internet mentions forearm, just not location on the forearm
C. on the chest,
D. on the frontal part of the right log.
E. A and B
What is the allowed blood alcohol concentration for a driver in Poland
A. 0.0 permilles,
B. up to 0.2 permilles,
C. up to 0.5 permilles.
D. up to 0.8 permilles
E. at long at the driver can go sately,
A. 0.0 permilles,
B. up to 0.2 permilles,
C. up to 0.5 permilles.
D. up to 0.8 permilles
E. at long at the driver can go sately,
Which identification method is the most reliable
A. fingerprinting.
B. DNA comparison.
C. radiographe,
D. dental records,
E. physical attribute comparison
A. fingerprinting.
B. DNA comparison.
C. radiographe,
D. dental records,
E. physical attribute comparison
DNA paternity tests;
A. can be done only from blood,
B. have a high mistake rate,
C. cannot be performed it the parents are dead,
D. are the most reliable when mother, child and alleged father are tested
E. are not performed art more
A. can be done only from blood,
B. have a high mistake rate,
C. cannot be performed it the parents are dead,
D. are the most reliable when mother, child and alleged father are tested
E. are not performed art more
What is done in the pre-laboratory phase:
A. identification of material,
B. individuality tests,
C. inspection of the evidence.
D. securing of the evidence.
E. opinion.
A. identification of material,
B. individuality tests,
C. inspection of the evidence.
-> Done after the laboratory
D. securing of the evidence.
E. opinion.
What carboxyhemoglobine concentration can be found in not-poisoned people:
A. up to 1%
B. up to 15%
C. up to 25%
D. up to 50%
E. carboxyhemoglobine cannot be found in healthy people
A. up to 1%
-> Usually found in healthy individuals
B. up to 15%
-> 9% can be found in smokers
-> 10-30% is toxic
C. up to 25%
D. up to 50%
-> Above 50 is fatal
E. carboxyhemoglobine cannot be found in healthy people
Burking:
A. is a common way to commit suicide;
B. Typically leaves bruises on the neck;
C. main mechanisin of death can be the occlusion of blood vessels:
D. is a kind of mechanical asphyxia:
E. all answers are correct.
A. is a common way to commit suicide;
-> Person doesn’t do it to themselves. Another person does so with intend to sell the body
B. Typically leaves bruises on the neck;
-> Typically involves covering the mouth and nose
C. main mechanisin of death can be the occlusion of blood vessels:
D. is a kind of mechanical asphyxia:
E. all answers are correct.
- What is/are NOT typical for suicidal wounds inflicted with a knife:
A. shallow wounds in the vicinity of the deep wound.
B. wound located above the heart
C. damage to clothes,
D. canal going through the intercostal space without rib injury
E. lack of defensivelale
A. shallow wounds in the vicinity of the deep wound.
-> Testing the cut before actually doing it
B. wound located above the heart
C. damage to clothes,
-> Suicide people usually care more about their clothes than their lives. Try not to damage them
D. canal going through the intercostal space without rib injury
E. lack of defensivelale
A subtle skeleton with small mastoid processes, high frontal area, sharp supraorbital margin, rounded, small chin and broad pelvis with U-shaped subpubic arch. This is a description of:
A. male skeleton,
B. female skeleton,
C. skeleton of an old person,
D. skeleton of a young person,
E. no conclusions could be made from this description.
A. male skeleton,
B. female skeleton,
-> Typical signs for female. Small mastoid process, small chin, broad pelvis. Especially U-shaped subpubic arch
C. skeleton of an old person,
D. skeleton of a young person,
E. no conclusions could be made from this description.
Postmortem “heat epidural” which is a result of boiling blood can be differentiated from the traumatic epidural hematoma by:
A. it’s chocolate brown, spongy appearance,
B. dark red, jelly appearance,
C. skull fracture in the vicinity of the blood,
D. charring of the soft head tissues,
E. location on the side of the flame most charred.
Heat epidural = epidural haematoma
A. it’s chocolate brown, spongy appearance,
B. dark red, jelly appearance,
→ basically cooked blood in the skull, “brick-red” and coagulated (wikipedia)
C. skull fracture in the vicinity of the blood,
D. charring of the soft head tissues,
E. location on the side of the flame most charred.
In this case the shot came:
A. from right to left,
B. from left to right,
C. it depends on the skin injuries,
D. it depends on the caliber and the type of a weapon,
E. no conclusions could be made on the basis of such injuries.
A. from right to left,
-> Shows clean skull entry wound
B. from left to right,
-> Shows breaks off pieces from skull where bullet exits ripping skull pieces
C. it depends on the skin injuries,
D. it depends on the caliber and the type of a weapon,
E. no conclusions could be made on the basis of such injuries.
What is the most distinct difference between electric mark and burn mark (from heat):
A. white-gray color
B. round or oval shape
C. epidermis detachment
D. lack of fluid between epidermis and basal layer of the skin
E. location on palmar surface of hands
A. white-gray color`
B. round or oval shape
C. epidermis detachment
D. lack of fluid between epidermis and basal layer of the skin
E. location on palmar surface of hands
Teacher slaps a student which results in permanent deafness, the injury is qualified from which article of the Polish Criminal Code:
A. 157 1
B. 157 2
C. 217
D. 156
E. Being a teacher it is not an illegal act
A. 157 1
B. 157 2
C. 217
D. 156
E. Being a teacher it is not an illegal act
If a person was resuscitated before the death during the autopsy you can suspect injuries like:
A. blood in pericardial sack,
B. subdural hematoma,
C. broken ribs,
D. stomach rupture,
E. all of the above.
A. blood in pericardial sack,
B. subdural hematoma,
C. broken ribs,
D. stomach rupture,
E. all of the above.
When estimating the age on the basis of pelvis the doctor looks at:
A. depth of the greater sciatic notch - deeper means an old person
B. shape of the obturator foramen - in time it changes from triangle to oval
C. surface of the pubic symphysis - in time it becomes more rugged
D. A and C are correct
E. none of the above is correct
A. depth of the greater sciatic notch - deeper means an old person
- sciatic notch score = wider (younger), narrow (older)
B. shape of the obturator foramen - in time it changes from triangle to oval
C. surface of the pubic symphysis - in time it becomes more rugged
D. A and C are correct
E. none of the above is correct
Choose the correct answer:
A. most accurate age estimation method is estimating the fusion state of cranial sutures
B. sex can be estimated on the basis of the skeleton from birth
C. child skeleton differs from the adult skeleton only in size and proportions
D. one of the most accurate age estimation methods is description of changes to the pubic symphysis
E. the state of teeth surface wear is used in age estimation
A. most accurate age estimation method is estimating the fusion state of cranial sutures
B. sex can be estimated on the basis of the skeleton from birth
C. child skeleton differs from the adult skeleton only in size and proportions
D. one of the most accurate age estimation methods is description of changes to the pubic symphysis
E. the state of teeth surface wear is used in age estimation
State under the influence of alcohol in Poland is when amount of alcohol in the body is or leads to:
A. concentration in exhaled air of 0.2 mg alcohol in 1 dm3
B. concentration in exhaled air of 0,1 mg alcohol in 1 dm3
C. blood alcohol concentration 0.1%
D. blood alcohol concentration 0.2% or more
E. blood alcohol concentration 0.5% or more
A. concentration in exhaled air of 0.2 mg alcohol in 1 dm3
B. concentration in exhaled air of 0,1 mg alcohol in 1 dm3
C. blood alcohol concentration 0.1%
D. blood alcohol concentration 0.2% or more
E. blood alcohol concentration 0.5% or more
If the injuries are sustained before death we can observe:
A. healing marks, air embolism, heat epidural
B. bruises, fat embolism, clots in heart
C. bruises, fat embolism, blood inhalation
D. heat epidural, blood inhalation, air embolism
E. all of the above
A. healing marks, air embolism, heat epidural
B. bruises, fat embolism, clots in heart
C. bruises, fat embolism, blood inhalation
D. heat epidural, blood inhalation, air embolism
E. all of the above
“Dry drowning” is a term which is defined by:
A. voluntary apnoea
B. involuntary apnoea due to larynx constriction
C. lungs are filled with water
D. larynx constriction stops and breathing reappears
E. this happens only in salt water
A. voluntary apnoea
B. involuntary apnoea due to larynx constriction
C. lungs are filled with water
D. larynx constriction stops and breathing reappears
E. this happens only in salt water
Messerer’s wedge is:
A. dull-margined tool
B. peak of the alcohol absorption curve
C. type of bone fracture
D. cutaneus calcification
E. none of the above
A. dull-margined tool
B. peak of the alcohol absorption curve
C. type of bone fracture
D. cutaneus calcification
E. none of the above
Person hit by a car sustained following injuries to the left leg: bruise in the collateral side ligament, bruise in the side part of the inner half of the distal femoral epiphysis and blood in the join cavity - from these injuries we can suspect that the person:
A. was hit from the left
B. was hit from the right
C. was ran over by a car
D. was hit by a truck or a terrain vehicle
E. these injuries cannot be the ground for further conclusions
A. was hit from the left
-> Only mentions injury to the left leg
B. was hit from the right
C. was ran over by a car
D. was hit by a truck or a terrain vehicle
E. these injuries cannot be the ground for further conclusions
-> Lack of fracture makes it difficult to pin point direction of impact precisely
Heart cavities will be punctured below water during the autopsy if a doctor suspects death due to:
A. fat embolism
B. myocardial infarct
C. pneumothorax
D. lung embolism
E. air embolism
A. fat embolism
B. myocardial infarct
C. pneumothorax
D. lung embolism
E. air embolism
In carbon monoxide poisoning the lividity:
A. has the same color as in nitrate poisoning
B. has the same color as in mercury poisoning
C. has the same color as in cyanide poisoning
D. has the cherry-red color which is unique to CO poisoning
E. doesn’t have a unique color
A. has the same color as in nitrate poisoning
B. has the same color as in mercury poisoning
C. has the same color as in cyanide poisoning
-> Almost the same color (red)
D. has the cherry-red color which is unique to CO poisoning
→ It´s not unique to CO, cyanide and hypothermia also gives red lividity
E. doesn’t have a unique color
What feature is never seen in laceration:
A. U-shaped bottom
B. inadequate blood supply trail
C. even margins
D. tissue bridges in bottom
E. bruises in the vicinity
A. U-shaped bottom
B. inadequate blood supply trail
C. even margins
D. tissue bridges in bottom
E. bruises in the vicinity
Commonest cause of pulmonary embolism is:
A. fat
B. amniotic fluid
C. air
D. foreign object
E. thrombus
A. fat
B. amniotic fluid
C. air
D. foreign object
E. thrombus
Main and most dangerous product of methanol metabolism is:
A. ethylene glycol
B. butyric aldehyde
C. formaldehyde
D. acetone
E. isopropanol
A. ethylene glycol
B. butyric aldehyde
C. formaldehyde
D. acetone
E. isopropanol
Which wounds can look similar in some cases:
A. laceration and stab wound
B. stab wounds and gunshot wounds
C. cut. stab wound and laceration
D. A and B
E. A and C
A. laceration and stab wound
B. stab wounds and gunshot wounds
C. cut. stab wound and laceration
-> Cut and laceration are used interchanably
D. A and B
E. A and C
What can most probably be used in toxicological analysis of an exhumed, old corpse:
A. blood
B. hair and nails
C. eye fluid
D. urine
E. we cannot perform toxicology tests in bodies older than 5 days
A. blood
B. hair and nails
C. eye fluid
D. urine
E. we cannot perform toxicology tests in bodies older than 5 days
Tattooing in entry wound of a firearm injury is due to:
A. burns
B. gunpowder
C. smoke
D. wads
E. bullet fragments
A. burns
B. gunpowder
-> Small, black specks which can’t be wiped off
-> Caused by grains of gunpowder driven into the skin
C. smoke
D. wads
E. bullet fragments
What enzyme/protein is used to identify saliva:
A. PSA
B. creatinine
C. alfa amylase
D. alcalic phosphatase
E. DMAC
A. PSA
B. creatinine
C. alfa amylase
D. alcalic phosphatase
E. DMAC
