Nuclear Genomes & Genome Sequencing Flashcards
What are the key differences between Nuclear and Prokaryotic genomes?
linear w/ defined structural regions
dispersed genes, repetitive DNA
uncoupled Tc/TL
extensive RNA processing
What are the two current views of the origin of nuclear diversity? Explain the process
- Fusion of an archeon and bacterium
fusion of an alphaproteobacteria & archael ancestor then evolution of the nucleus - Archael evolution
an archael ancestor develops new traits and acquires symbiotic organelles
Nuclear genomes are organized as _ DNA molecules that associate with _
linear
proteins
The combined structure of DNA and its bound proteins is known as _, each unit is a _
chromatin
chromosome
Chromatin undergoes _ for mitosis and _ during interphase
condensation
relaxes
Condensed chromatin is transcriptionally active. T/F?
False
DNA _ represses its transcription by reducing _ binding
(hydro)methylation
Tc-factor
What are the marked differences between nuclear genomes amongst eukaryotes?
size and gene density
What are the common eukaryotic elements of the nuclear genome?
- Multiple, linear chromosomes
- Protein-coding genes
- RNAs
- Pseudogenes & duplicated genes
- Satellite DNAs & mobile genetic elements
- Organellar remnants
The amount of DNA in a nuclear genome is known as the _
C-value
In eukaryotes there is _ correlation between genome size and organism complexity. This relationship is known as…
little
the C-value Paradox
What is the explanation to the C-value paradox?
non-coding DNA
What factors does genome size in eukaryotes better correlate to?
cell volume and nuclear volume
What are the mechanisms of genome increase?
polyploidy
duplications (short or whole genome)
transposon spread
insertional bias
What are the mechanisms of genome decrease?
deletional bias
long range deletions
