Genetic Mobile Elements Flashcards
All types of mobile elements are represented by _ & _ variants
autonomous and non-autonomous
There are two basic types of TEs…
- Retrotransposons - transpose via an RNA intermediate
2. DNA transposons - move genomic DNA copies to other locations
What are the types of retrotransposons?
- non-LTR
- LTR
- Penelope
- DIRS retrotransposons
What are the types of DNA transposons?
- Cut-and-Paste
- Helitrons
- Polintons
LTR retrotransposons are similar to _ but lack the components to build a _
retroviruses
infective particle
LTR’s are inherited _ but may also spread by _
vertically
horizontal gene transfer
non-LTRs are transposed via _ intermediates that integrate via _
RNP
target-primed Reverse Transcriptase (TPRT)
TPRT utilizes a target site that varies with a retrotransposon-specific _
endonuclease
The minus strand in TPRT is synthesized using the _
mRNA template
Upstream cleavage in TPRT produces a target site _
deletion
Non-LTRs include _, _ and _ elements, they are flanked by _
Li, alu, SVA
target site duplications (downstream cleavage)
Downstream cleavage in TPRT produces a target site _
duplication
LINES are retrotransposons derived from _ DNA encoding a _
selfish
RT
LINES produce complete or truncated _ in order to integrate into the genome
cDNAs
SINES and LINES both lack _ of retroviruses
LTRs
SINES replicate via an _ and utilize RT from _ sources, what specialized structure provides a binding structure for RT
RNA intermediate
cellular
modifications in the 3’end produce a hairpin loop
Cut/Paste transposons produce a _ that integrates DNA into a new target site, however they cannot _. How do they solve this issue?
transposase
synthesize their own DNA, utilize cellular machinery
Polintons are _ DNA transposons that carry their own _
self-synthesizing
DdDp
Polintons have _ that produce a ssDNA hairpin and its polymerase produce a _ that is then integrated
terminal inverted repeats
dsPolinton
Polintons originate from _
virophages
Helitrons are _ transposons that are _ from the chromosome to produce a _ DNA
rolling-circle
excised
extrachromosomal circular DNA
Helitrons frequently _ host genes and induce _
capture
gene shuffling
What are the two ID proteins that Helitrons possess?
Rep - rolling-circle replication initiator
DNA helicase
What are the three models of gene capture that Helitrons utilize?
- Read-through model 1
- Read-through model 2
- Filler DNA model
