Nuclear acids

Question 1

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 1

The basic building block (monomer) of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA); made of a phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogen base.

Nucleotides are essential for the formation of DNA and RNA structures.

Question 2

Define a gene.

Answer 2

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait (protein).

Genes are the functional units of heredity.

Question 3

What is semiconservative replication?

Answer 3

DNA replication method where each new DNA molecule has one original strand and one new strand.

This process ensures genetic continuity.

Question 4

What is the template/pattern strand?

Answer 4

The strand of DNA used as a guide during replication or transcription; bases are matched complementarily.

This strand is crucial for accurate genetic information transfer.

Question 5

What is a karyotype?

Answer 5

A visual representation of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs.

Karyotypes are used in genetic analysis and diagnosis.

Question 7

Who discovered that DNA carries genetic information?

Answer 7

Griffith

Through the transformation experiment.

Question 8

What are the base-pairing rules found by Chargaff?

Answer 8

A = T and C = G

Question 9

Which scientists used X-ray diffraction to show DNA is double-stranded?

Answer 9

Wilkins & Franklin

Question 10

What did Watson & Crick build?

Answer 10

The first accurate 3D model of DNA

Question 11

What structure of DNA did Watson & Crick describe?

Answer 11

Double helix structure

Question 12

Fill in the blank: _______ discovered that DNA carries genetic information.

Answer 12

Griffith

Question 13

Fill in the blank: Chargaff found that A = T and C = _______.

Answer 13

G

Question 14

True or False: Wilkins and Franklin showed that DNA is single-stranded.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What technique did Wilkins & Franklin use to study DNA?

Answer 15

X-ray diffraction

Question 16

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 16

Double-stranded

DNA consists of two strands that coil around each other to form a double helix.

Question 17

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 17

Single-stranded

RNA typically exists as a single strand, unlike DNA.

Question 18

What sugar is found in DNA?

Answer 18

Deoxyribose

Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar that is a component of DNA.

Question 19

What sugar is found in RNA?

Answer 19

Ribose

Ribose is a five-carbon sugar that is a component of RNA.

Question 20

List the nitrogen bases found in DNA.

Answer 20

• A
• T
• C
• G

These bases pair specifically (A with T, C with G) to form the genetic code.

Question 21

List the nitrogen bases found in RNA.

Answer 21

• A
• U
• C
• G

In RNA, uracil (U) replaces thymine (T) found in DNA.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: DNA has _______ strands.

Answer 22

double-stranded

Question 23

Fill in the blank: RNA is _______ stranded.

Answer 23

single-stranded

Question 24

What is the primary function of DNA?

Answer 24

Storage of genetic information

DNA carries the genetic blueprint for the development and functioning of living organisms.

Question 25

What is the primary function of RNA?

Answer 25

Protein synthesis ## Footnote RNA plays a crucial role in translating the genetic code into proteins.

Question 26

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 26

Nucleotides ## Footnote Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 27

What do nucleotides form when they are linked together?

Answer 27

DNA (genes) ## Footnote DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.

Question 28

What is formed when DNA is condensed?

Answer 28

Chromosomes ## Footnote Chromosomes are structures that organize and package DNA in the cell.

Question 29

What do chromosomes ultimately influence in an organism?

Answer 29

Traits ## Footnote Traits are characteristics that arise from the expression of genes.

Question 30

What is the process through which traits are expressed?

Answer 30

Protein Synthesis ## Footnote Protein synthesis involves transcription and translation to produce proteins based on genetic information.

Question 31

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 31

Nucleotides ## Footnote Nucleotides consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 32

What do nucleotides form when they are linked together?

Answer 32

DNA (genes) ## Footnote DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.

Question 33

What is formed when DNA is condensed?

Answer 33

Chromosomes ## Footnote Chromosomes are structures that organize and package DNA in the cell.

Question 34

What do chromosomes ultimately influence in an organism?

Answer 34

Traits ## Footnote Traits are characteristics that arise from the expression of genes.

Question 35

What is the process through which traits are expressed?

Answer 35

Protein Synthesis ## Footnote Protein synthesis involves transcription and translation to produce proteins based on genetic information.

Question 36

What is the process that describes the flow of genetic information?

Answer 36

DNA → RNA → Protein → Trait

Question 37

What is an example of a trait that results from the flow of genetic information?

Answer 37

Freckle protein made using instructions in the gene