3 In One Quizzez

Question 1

What is a solution?

Answer 1

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (solute + solvent)

The components of a solution are a solute and a solvent.

Question 2

Define solvent.

Answer 2

The more abundant substance in a solution; it does the dissolving

In a saltwater solution, water is the solvent.

Question 3

Define solute.

Answer 3

The less abundant substance in a solution; it gets dissolved

In a saltwater solution, salt is the solute.

Question 4

What is an alloy?

Answer 4

A solution of two or more metals (e.g., bronze = copper + tin)

Alloys have specific properties that differ from their constituent metals.

Question 5

What is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 5

When molecules are evenly distributed in a space

This state is achieved when the rates of forward and reverse processes are equal.

Question 6

Define diffusion.

Answer 6

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration to reach equilibrium

Diffusion continues until the concentration is uniform.

Question 7

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 7

The difference in concentration between two areas

Molecules move down the concentration gradient during diffusion.

Question 8

Define osmosis.

Answer 8

Movement of water across a membrane from low solute to high solute concentration

Osmosis is a specific type of diffusion involving water.

Question 9

What does tonicity refer to?

Answer 9

The concentration of solutes outside the membrane compared to inside

Tonicity can affect cell shape and function.

Question 10

What does selectively permeable mean?

Answer 10

A membrane that only allows certain molecules to pass through freely

This property is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in cells.

Question 11

Name the types of solutions.

Answer 11

• Gases
• Liquids
• Solids

Examples include air (gas), saltwater (liquid), and alloys (solid).

Question 12

How do you calculate molecular weight?

Answer 12

Use atomic masses from the periodic table

Example: For C₆H₁₂O₆, total = 180.15 g/mol.

Question 13

Calculate the molecular weight of C₆H₁₂O₆.

Answer 13

180.15 g/mol

Calculation: C: 72.06, H: 12.096, O: 95.994.

Question 14

What is a dominant trait?

Answer 14

Trait expressed with only one allele (e.g., TT or Tt = tall)

Dominant traits mask the expression of recessive traits.

Question 15

What is a recessive trait?

Answer 15

Trait only expressed with two identical alleles (e.g., tt = short)

Recessive traits can be masked by dominant traits.

Question 16

Define homozygous.

Answer 16

Two identical alleles (TT or tt)

Homozygous individuals can be either dominant or recessive.

Question 17

Define heterozygous.

Answer 17

Two different alleles (Tt)

Heterozygous individuals express the dominant trait.

Question 18

What is a genotype?

Answer 18

The genetic makeup (e.g., TT, Tt, tt)

The genotype determines the potential traits an organism can express.

Question 19

What is a phenotype?

Answer 19

The physical expression of the trait (e.g., tall or short)

Phenotype results from the interaction of genotype and environment.

Question 20

What does probability refer to in genetics?

Answer 20

The chance an outcome will occur (e.g., 25% = 1 out of 4)

Probability is used to predict genetic outcomes.

Question 21

What is a Punnett Square?

Answer 21

Diagram used to predict offspring traits

Punnett Squares help visualize genetic combinations.

Question 22

What is a pedigree chart?

Answer 22

Family tree that shows trait inheritance

Pedigree charts are useful for tracking genetic disorders through generations.

Question 23

Who is known as the ‘Father of Genetics’?

Answer 23

Gregor Mendel

Mendel’s experiments with pea plants laid the foundation for genetics.

Question 24

What concept did Gregor Mendel introduce?

Answer 24

The concept of alleles (versions of genes)

Alleles are responsible for variations in traits.

Question 25

What is the Principle of Segregation?

Answer 25

Each individual has two alleles for each trait; these alleles separate during meiosis ## Footnote This principle explains how gametes receive one allele from each parent.

Question 26

What is the Principle of Independent Assortment?

Answer 26

Inheritance of one trait does not affect the inheritance of another ## Footnote This principle allows for genetic variation in offspring.

Question 27

What happens in dominant/recessive inheritance?

Answer 27

Only one dominant allele is needed to show the trait; recessive traits need two recessive alleles ## Footnote Example: Red (dominant) x White (recessive) → all offspring are red if heterozygous.

Question 28

What is codominance?

Answer 28

Both alleles are fully expressed ## Footnote Example: Red x White → offspring show red and white blotches.

Question 29

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 29

Both alleles are partially expressed ## Footnote Example: Red x White → offspring are pink.

Question 30

What are multiple alleles?

Answer 30

More than two allele options in the population (but individuals still only get two) ## Footnote Example: Blood Types – IA, IB, IO.

Question 31

What are the genotypes for Type A blood?

Answer 31

IAIA or IAIO ## Footnote Type A blood can have two possible genotypes.

Question 32

What are the genotypes for Type B blood?

Answer 32

IBIB or IBIO ## Footnote Type B blood can have two possible genotypes.

Question 33

What is the genotype for Type AB blood?

Answer 33

IAIB ## Footnote Type AB blood is an example of codominance.

Question 34

What is the genotype for Type O blood?

Answer 34

IOIO ## Footnote Type O blood is recessive and does not express A or B antigens.

Question 35

What should you be able to do for the quiz regarding Punnett Squares?

Answer 35

Set up and solve Punnett Squares for Dominant/Recessive traits and Multiple Alleles (Blood Types) ## Footnote Practice solving Punnett Squares to understand genetic probabilities.

Question 36

What comparisons should you recognize or describe for the quiz?

Answer 36

Dominant vs. Recessive, Genotype vs. Phenotype, Codominance vs. Incomplete Dominance, Use of pedigree charts, Mendel’s principles and their meanings ## Footnote Understanding these comparisons is crucial for genetic analysis.

Question 37

What is a solution?

Answer 37

A homogeneous mixture where particles are evenly distributed (Solvent + Solute) ## Footnote Solutions can be in gas, liquid, or solid state.

Question 38

Define solvent.

Answer 38

The more abundant substance in a solution; does the dissolving.

Question 39

Define solute.

Answer 39

The less abundant substance; gets dissolved.

Question 40

What is an alloy?

Answer 40

A solution made up of two or more metals (e.g., bronze = copper + tin).

Question 41

What is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 41

The state when molecules are evenly distributed across space.

Question 42

Define diffusion.

Answer 42

The movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration, down the concentration gradient, to achieve equilibrium.

Question 43

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 43

The difference in concentration between two regions.

Question 44

Define osmosis.

Answer 44

A type of diffusion involving water moving across a selectively permeable membrane, from low solute to high solute concentration.

Question 45

What is tonicity?

Answer 45

The concentration of solutes outside a membrane compared to inside.

Question 46

What does selectively permeable mean?

Answer 46

Describes a membrane that only allows certain molecules (like water) to pass freely.

Question 47

What happens to animal cells in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 47

Cell crenates (shrivels).

Question 48

What happens to plant cells in a hypertonic solution?

Answer 48

Plasmolysis (membrane shrinks).

Question 49

What is the effect of a hypotonic solution on animal cells?

Answer 49

Cell lyses (bursts).

Question 50

What is the effect of a hypotonic solution on plant cells?

Answer 50

Turgid (happy!).

Question 51

What occurs in isotonic solutions for animal cells?

Answer 51

Happy (preferred state).

Question 52

What occurs in isotonic solutions for plant cells?

Answer 52

Flaccid (limp).

Question 53

In a hypotonic solution, what happens to plant cells?

Answer 53

They become turgid (ideal).

Question 54

In a hypertonic solution, what happens to plant cells?

Answer 54

They plasmolyze.

Question 55

In a hypertonic solution, what happens to animal cells?

Answer 55

They crenate.

Question 56

What is the molecular weight of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)?

Answer 56

180.16 g/mol ## Footnote Calculation: C: 72.06 + H: 12.10 + O: 96.00.

Question 57

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a gas solution.

Answer 57

solution

Question 58

Fill in the blank: Water moves in a hypotonic solution, causing animal cells to _______.

Answer 58

lyse

Question 59

Fill in the blank: In an isotonic solution, there is no net _______.

Answer 59

movement

Question 60

True or False: In a hypertonic solution, water moves into the cell.

Answer 60

False

Question 61

True or False: Turgidity in plant cells is preferred in a hypotonic environment.

Answer 61

True

Question 62

What happens to animal cells in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 62

They lyse (burst).

Question 63

What is the effect of isotonic solutions on animal cells?

Answer 63

They remain happy.

Question 64

What is the effect of isotonic solutions on plant cells?

Answer 64

They become flaccid.