NSMs defend cultural values rather than econmic interest

Question 1

Melucci (85)

Answer 1

Postmodernist - Believes that NSMs defend cultural interests in the most implicit way as he says ‘the movements challenge established codes and show, by the things they do and how they do them, that an alternative is possible’. He also says ‘this makes the categories of success or failure inappropriate for assessing the impact of SMs, because their very existence is a gain in itself’.

Question 2

Inglehart (90)

Answer 2

Postmodernist - Says that NSMs are more concerned with non-material political issues such as identity and lifestyles and the inequalities surrounding such issues rather than economic inequalities which OSMs fight against.

Question 3

Beck (92)

Answer 3

Postmodernist - In a postmodern world there is growing sense of risk and distrust of experts, which are responsible for many of the worlds problems. People form NSMs so people can express their interests as they don’t trust governments to.

Question 4

Adonis and Pollard (98)

Answer 4

Summarize Marxist argument - 1996 survey where two thirds of those interviewed agreed ‘there is one law for the rich and one for the poor’

Question 5

Alex Callinicos

Answer 5

Marxist - Where Capitalism goes protests follow. Since the WTO demonstration of 99 there have been increased number of politically active minorities in advanced capitalist countries with the view that global capitalism is the source of the world’s ills.

Question 6

Offe (85)

Answer 6

Marxist - Emergence of NSMs as a reaction against the forms of domination in late capitalist societies. The deepening of mechanisms of social control and domination takes place more and more areas of private life come under state regulation.

Question 7

Habermas (81)

Answer 7

Holistic - NSMs ‘represent defensive reactions seeking to retain or recreate endangered lifestyles. They operate at a level of social integration and are concerned less with re distributional issues than with the ‘grammar forms of life’. This they arrive ‘at the seam between system and life world’.

Question 8

Klein, in book ‘No Logo’

Answer 8

Holistic - Pays attention to the misdeeds of Nike, Gap, McDonalds etc - therefore anti-corporate globalist believing corporations are trying to control our lives. Also says we shouldn’t be labelled by these corporations and have a logo attached to us - Defending cultural values - we should be able to express ourselves how we like.