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Chamberlain College of Nursing > NR 302: Health Assessment 1 Exam 2 (Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, & 18) > Flashcards

NR 302: Health Assessment 1 Exam 2 (Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, & 18) Flashcards

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1
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Jaundice

A

yellow-color of skin, palate & sclera due to excess bilirubin in the blood

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2
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Cyanosis

A

bluish color of skin or mucous membranes as a result of increased amount of non-oxygenated hemoglobin (ex: lips, nail beds, palpebral conjunctivae & palms)

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3
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Carotenemia

A

orangish skin tone due to increased serum carotene from ingestion of large amounts of carotene-rich foods (ex: carrots)

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4
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Uremia

A

renal failure causes retained urochrome (normal color urine = yellow pigmented) in the blood

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5
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Vesicles

A

elevated cavity containing free clear fluid, up to 1 cm (ex: herpes simplex, early varicella, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis)

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6
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Macule

A

flat skin lesion with only a color change

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7
Q

Ch.12 Define: Papule

A

solid, elevated palpable skin lesion

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8
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Tumor

A

lesions larger than a few cm in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant (ex: lipoma & hemangioma)

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9
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Purpura

A

red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels

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10
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Ecchymosis

A

non-raised skin discoloration caused by the escape of blood into the tissue from ruptured blood vessels (occur in mucous membranes) aka “BRUISING”

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11
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Petechia

A

small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin. Indicates serious blood clotting disorders, drug reactions, or liver disease

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12
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Milia

A

tiny white bumps or small cysts on the skin (seen in newborns)

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13
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Stork Bites

A

common type of birthmark seen in a newborn “temporary” (medical term = nevus simplex)

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14
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Mongolian Spots

A

common variation of hyperpigmentation due to deep dermal melanocytes ( seen in Black, Asian, American, Indian & Hispanic newborns)

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15
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Striae

A

jagged linear “stretch marks” of silver to pink color (2nd trimester on breasts, abdomen, & thighs)

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16
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Linea Nigra

A

brownish black line down the midline (abdomen)

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17
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Chloasma

A

irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation (face)

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18
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Vascular Spider

A

tiny red center lesions with radiating branches seen in White > Black women during pregnancy (face, neck, upper chest, & arms)

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19
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Senile Lentigines

A

“liver spots” that are small, flat, brown macules due to sun exposure (forearms & dorsa hands)

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20
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Acrochordons

A

“skin tags” are overgrowths of normal skin (eyelids, cheeks, neck, axillae, & trunk)

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21
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Alopecia

A

balding

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22
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Pallor

A

paleness of the face

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23
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Erythema

A

abnormal redness of the skin due to capillary congestion

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24
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Wheal

A

superficial, raised, transient, & erythematous lesion; has slightly irregular shape caused by edema (fluid-filled tissues); (ex: mosquito bite & allergic reaction)

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25
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Bulla

A

> 1 cm usually single chambered; superficial in epidermis; thin-walled easy to burst (friction blister, burns, contact dermatitis)

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26
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Cyst

A

encapsulated, fluid-filled cavity in dermis or SQ layer that tensely elevates skin (ex: wen)

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27
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Pustule

A

turbid fluid (pus) in cavity; circumscribed & elevated (ex: acne & impetigo)

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28
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Patch

A

macule > 1 cm (ex: mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe-au-lait spot, chloasma, measles rash)

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29
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Cafe-au-lait

A

due to increased melanin pigment in basal cell layer

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30
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Albinism

A

total absence of melanin pigmentation

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31
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Fissure

A

linear crack with abrupt edges, extending into dermis; dry or moist (callus or corners of mouth)

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32
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Lichenification

A

prolonged, intense scratching that thickens the skin & produces tightly packed set of papules

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33
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Pruritis

A

itching

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34
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Xerosis

A

dry skin

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35
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Hirsutism

A

excessive body hair

36
Q

Ch. 12 How to examine the skin lesions?

A

ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter, & Elevation)

37
Q

Ch. 12 What are normal findings during a skin assessment?

A

-symmetry

-

38
Q

Ch. 12 Normal findings in adolescent assessment

A

increased body odor & increased in fat deposition

39
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Nodule

A

solid, elevated, hard or soft > 1 cm; may extend deeper into dermis > papule

40
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Braden Scale

A

Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale (Sensory perception, moisture, physical activity, mobility, nutrition, friction & shear)

41
Q

Ch. 12 Pressure Ulcer Stage 1

A

erythema of the skin

42
Q

Ch. 12 Pressure Ulcer Stage 2

A

partial thickness skin loss including epidermis

43
Q

Ch. 12 Pressure Ulcer Stage 3

A

full thickness skin loss involving SQ tissue

44
Q

Ch. 12 Pressure Ulcer Stage 4

A

full thickness skin loss involving SQ tissue, muscle, & bone

45
Q

Ch. 12 List some Primary Skin Lesions- immediate results of a causative factor

A

macule, papule, patch, nodule, wheal, vesicle, bulla, cyst, tumor & pustule

46
Q

Ch. 12 List some Secondary Skin Lesions- results from a change in primary lesions, evolutional changes

A

crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoriation, scar, atrophic scar, & keloid

47
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Crust

A

thickened, dried out exudate lest when vesicles/pustule burst or dry out (impetigo, scab after abrasion, eczematous dermatitis)

48
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Scale

A

compact, desiccated slakes of skin, dry, or greasy, silvery or white from shedding of dead excess keratin cells (scarlet fever, psoriasis-silver micalike, eczema, dry skin, seborrheic dermatitis-yellow, greasy)

49
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Erosion

A

scooped-out but shallow depression; superficial lesion, epidermis is lost, & the lesion is moist but there is no bleeding; heals without scaring

50
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Ulcer

A

deeper depression, extending into dermis, irregularly shaped. may bleed & leave scar when healed (ex: stasis ulcer, pressure sore & chancre)

51
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Excoriation

A

self-inflicted abrasion; superficial & sometimes crusted (scratches from intense itching- insect bites, scabies, dermatitis & varicella)

52
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Scar

A

after a skin lesion is repaired, normal tissue is lost & replaced with Connective Tissue (collagen); permanent fibrotic change (ex: healed area after surgery or injury, acne)

53
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Atrophic Scar

A

resulting skin level depressed with loss of tissue; thinning of the epidermis (ex: Striae)

54
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Keloid

A

hypertrophic scar; elevated skin level due to excess scarring tissue because of acne, ear piercing, tattoos, infections, surgery- look smooth, rubbery, “clawlike” (seen in Blacks)

55
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Hematome

A

bruises you can feel; skin elevation

56
Q

Ch. 14: Equipment used when doing the Eye Assessment

A

Snellen Eye Chart, Penlight, Opthalamoscope, & Opaque CArd

57
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Palpebral fissure

A

open space between the eyelids

58
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Palpebral conjunctiva

A

lines the lids and is clear, with many small blood vessels; forms a deep recess & fold back over the eye

59
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Cornea

A

covers & protects the iris & pupil

60
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Sclera

A

normal is white in color and it the outer layer that covers the eyeball

61
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Choroid

A

the middle vascular layer behind the sclera that covers the eyeball

62
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Retina

A

visual receptive layer of the eye in which light waves are changed into nerve impulses

63
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Ocular Fundus

A

area of the retina visible through the opthalmoscope

64
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Optic disc

A

area in which fibers from the retina converge to form the optic nerve

65
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Macula

A

area of the sharpest vision

66
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Macular Degeneration

A

a gradual loss of the central part of the field of vision usually affecting both eyes; accumulation of yellow deposits in & thinning of the macula lutea

67
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Diabetic retinopathy

A

complication of diabetes mellitus caused by retinal vessel damage & occurs more amongst Blacks & Hispanics > Whites

68
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Confrontation Test

A

measures peripheral vision

69
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Cranial Nerve Test

A

test corneal reflex

70
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Hyperopia

A

Farsightness

71
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Myopia

A

Nearsightness

72
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Presbyopia

A

impaired near vision in middle-age adults; loss of elasticity of the Lens

73
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Astigmatism

A

unequal curvature of the cornea

74
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Glaucoma

A

increases pressure within the eyeball; gradual loss of sight-> blindness

75
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Blepharitis

A

inflammation of the eyelids

76
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Periorbital Edema

A

swollen & puffy eyelids

77
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Anisocoria

A

unequal pupil size

78
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Exophoria

A

tendency of the yes to deviate outward

79
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Strabismus

A

cross-eyed or wall-eyed; person can’t align both eyes simultaneously under normal conditions

80
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Esophoria

A

inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra ocular muscle imbalance

81
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Mydriasis

A

dilated & fixed pupils

82
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Ectropion

A

lower lid is loose & rolling out, does not approximate to eyeball. Occurs in aging as a result of atrophy of elastic & fibrous tissue, also trauma

83
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Entropion

A

lower lid rolls in because of spasm of lids or scar tissue contracting “foreign body” sensation

84
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Stye “Hordeolum”

A

painful, red, & swollen resembles a pustule at the lid margin (localized staph infection of the hair follicles)

85
Q

Ch. 14 Define: Chalazion

A

a beady nodule protruding on the lid, non-tender, firm, discrete swelling with free moveable skin overlying the nodule (infection or retention cyst of the meibomian gland)

86
Q

Ch. 12 what type of hair is vellus hair?

A

Fine & faint

87
Q

Ch. 12 what type of hair is terminal hair?

A

Darker & thicker

Chamberlain College of Nursing (6 decks)

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