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Chamberlain College of Nursing > NR 302: Health Assessment 1 Exam 2 (Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, & 18) > Flashcards

NR 302: Health Assessment 1 Exam 2 (Ch. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, & 18) Flashcards

1
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Jaundice

A

yellow-color of skin, palate & sclera due to excess bilirubin in the blood

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2
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Cyanosis

A

bluish color of skin or mucous membranes as a result of increased amount of non-oxygenated hemoglobin (ex: lips, nail beds, palpebral conjunctivae & palms)

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3
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Carotenemia

A

orangish skin tone due to increased serum carotene from ingestion of large amounts of carotene-rich foods (ex: carrots)

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4
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Uremia

A

renal failure causes retained urochrome (normal color urine = yellow pigmented) in the blood

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5
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Vesicles

A

elevated cavity containing free clear fluid, up to 1 cm (ex: herpes simplex, early varicella, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis)

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6
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Macule

A

flat skin lesion with only a color change

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7
Q

Ch.12 Define: Papule

A

solid, elevated palpable skin lesion

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8
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Tumor

A

lesions larger than a few cm in diameter, firm or soft, deeper into dermis; may be benign or malignant (ex: lipoma & hemangioma)

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9
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Purpura

A

red-purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels

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10
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Ecchymosis

A

non-raised skin discoloration caused by the escape of blood into the tissue from ruptured blood vessels (occur in mucous membranes) aka “BRUISING”

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11
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Petechia

A

small red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin. Indicates serious blood clotting disorders, drug reactions, or liver disease

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12
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Milia

A

tiny white bumps or small cysts on the skin (seen in newborns)

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13
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Stork Bites

A

common type of birthmark seen in a newborn “temporary” (medical term = nevus simplex)

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14
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Mongolian Spots

A

common variation of hyperpigmentation due to deep dermal melanocytes ( seen in Black, Asian, American, Indian & Hispanic newborns)

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15
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Striae

A

jagged linear “stretch marks” of silver to pink color (2nd trimester on breasts, abdomen, & thighs)

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16
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Linea Nigra

A

brownish black line down the midline (abdomen)

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17
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Chloasma

A

irregular brown patch of hyperpigmentation (face)

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18
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Vascular Spider

A

tiny red center lesions with radiating branches seen in White > Black women during pregnancy (face, neck, upper chest, & arms)

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19
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Senile Lentigines

A

“liver spots” that are small, flat, brown macules due to sun exposure (forearms & dorsa hands)

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20
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Acrochordons

A

“skin tags” are overgrowths of normal skin (eyelids, cheeks, neck, axillae, & trunk)

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21
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Alopecia

A

balding

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22
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Pallor

A

paleness of the face

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23
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Erythema

A

abnormal redness of the skin due to capillary congestion

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24
Q

Ch. 12 Define: Wheal

A

superficial, raised, transient, & erythematous lesion; has slightly irregular shape caused by edema (fluid-filled tissues); (ex: mosquito bite & allergic reaction)

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25
Ch. 12 Define: Bulla
> 1 cm usually single chambered; superficial in epidermis; thin-walled easy to burst (friction blister, burns, contact dermatitis)
26
Ch. 12 Define: Cyst
encapsulated, fluid-filled cavity in dermis or SQ layer that tensely elevates skin (ex: wen)
27
Ch. 12 Define: Pustule
turbid fluid (pus) in cavity; circumscribed & elevated (ex: acne & impetigo)
28
Ch. 12 Define: Patch
macule > 1 cm (ex: mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe-au-lait spot, chloasma, measles rash)
29
Ch. 12 Define: Cafe-au-lait
due to increased melanin pigment in basal cell layer
30
Ch. 12 Define: Albinism
total absence of melanin pigmentation
31
Ch. 12 Define: Fissure
linear crack with abrupt edges, extending into dermis; dry or moist (callus or corners of mouth)
32
Ch. 12 Define: Lichenification
prolonged, intense scratching that thickens the skin & produces tightly packed set of papules
33
Ch. 12 Define: Pruritis
itching
34
Ch. 12 Define: Xerosis
dry skin
35
Ch. 12 Define: Hirsutism
excessive body hair
36
Ch. 12 How to examine the skin lesions?
ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter, & Elevation)
37
Ch. 12 What are normal findings during a skin assessment?
-symmetry | -
38
Ch. 12 Normal findings in adolescent assessment
increased body odor & increased in fat deposition
39
Ch. 12 Define: Nodule
solid, elevated, hard or soft > 1 cm; may extend deeper into dermis > papule
40
Ch. 12 Define: Braden Scale
Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale (Sensory perception, moisture, physical activity, mobility, nutrition, friction & shear)
41
Ch. 12 Pressure Ulcer Stage 1
erythema of the skin
42
Ch. 12 Pressure Ulcer Stage 2
partial thickness skin loss including epidermis
43
Ch. 12 Pressure Ulcer Stage 3
full thickness skin loss involving SQ tissue
44
Ch. 12 Pressure Ulcer Stage 4
full thickness skin loss involving SQ tissue, muscle, & bone
45
Ch. 12 List some Primary Skin Lesions- immediate results of a causative factor
macule, papule, patch, nodule, wheal, vesicle, bulla, cyst, tumor & pustule
46
Ch. 12 List some Secondary Skin Lesions- results from a change in primary lesions, evolutional changes
crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoriation, scar, atrophic scar, & keloid
47
Ch. 12 Define: Crust
thickened, dried out exudate lest when vesicles/pustule burst or dry out (impetigo, scab after abrasion, eczematous dermatitis)
48
Ch. 12 Define: Scale
compact, desiccated slakes of skin, dry, or greasy, silvery or white from shedding of dead excess keratin cells (scarlet fever, psoriasis-silver micalike, eczema, dry skin, seborrheic dermatitis-yellow, greasy)
49
Ch. 12 Define: Erosion
scooped-out but shallow depression; superficial lesion, epidermis is lost, & the lesion is moist but there is no bleeding; heals without scaring
50
Ch. 12 Define: Ulcer
deeper depression, extending into dermis, irregularly shaped. may bleed & leave scar when healed (ex: stasis ulcer, pressure sore & chancre)
51
Ch. 12 Define: Excoriation
self-inflicted abrasion; superficial & sometimes crusted (scratches from intense itching- insect bites, scabies, dermatitis & varicella)
52
Ch. 12 Define: Scar
after a skin lesion is repaired, normal tissue is lost & replaced with Connective Tissue (collagen); permanent fibrotic change (ex: healed area after surgery or injury, acne)
53
Ch. 12 Define: Atrophic Scar
resulting skin level depressed with loss of tissue; thinning of the epidermis (ex: Striae)
54
Ch. 12 Define: Keloid
hypertrophic scar; elevated skin level due to excess scarring tissue because of acne, ear piercing, tattoos, infections, surgery- look smooth, rubbery, "clawlike" (seen in Blacks)
55
Ch. 12 Define: Hematome
bruises you can feel; skin elevation
56
Ch. 14: Equipment used when doing the Eye Assessment
Snellen Eye Chart, Penlight, Opthalamoscope, & Opaque CArd
57
Ch. 14 Define: Palpebral fissure
open space between the eyelids
58
Ch. 14 Define: Palpebral conjunctiva
lines the lids and is clear, with many small blood vessels; forms a deep recess & fold back over the eye
59
Ch. 14 Define: Cornea
covers & protects the iris & pupil
60
Ch. 14 Define: Sclera
normal is white in color and it the outer layer that covers the eyeball
61
Ch. 14 Define: Choroid
the middle vascular layer behind the sclera that covers the eyeball
62
Ch. 14 Define: Retina
visual receptive layer of the eye in which light waves are changed into nerve impulses
63
Ch. 14 Define: Ocular Fundus
area of the retina visible through the opthalmoscope
64
Ch. 14 Define: Optic disc
area in which fibers from the retina converge to form the optic nerve
65
Ch. 14 Define: Macula
area of the sharpest vision
66
Ch. 14 Define: Macular Degeneration
a gradual loss of the central part of the field of vision usually affecting both eyes; accumulation of yellow deposits in & thinning of the macula lutea
67
Ch. 14 Define: Diabetic retinopathy
complication of diabetes mellitus caused by retinal vessel damage & occurs more amongst Blacks & Hispanics > Whites
68
Ch. 14 Define: Confrontation Test
measures peripheral vision
69
Ch. 14 Define: Cranial Nerve Test
test corneal reflex
70
Ch. 14 Define: Hyperopia
Farsightness
71
Ch. 14 Define: Myopia
Nearsightness
72
Ch. 14 Define: Presbyopia
impaired near vision in middle-age adults; loss of elasticity of the Lens
73
Ch. 14 Define: Astigmatism
unequal curvature of the cornea
74
Ch. 14 Define: Glaucoma
increases pressure within the eyeball; gradual loss of sight-> blindness
75
Ch. 14 Define: Blepharitis
inflammation of the eyelids
76
Ch. 14 Define: Periorbital Edema
swollen & puffy eyelids
77
Ch. 14 Define: Anisocoria
unequal pupil size
78
Ch. 14 Define: Exophoria
tendency of the yes to deviate outward
79
Ch. 14 Define: Strabismus
cross-eyed or wall-eyed; person can't align both eyes simultaneously under normal conditions
80
Ch. 14 Define: Esophoria
inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra ocular muscle imbalance
81
Ch. 14 Define: Mydriasis
dilated & fixed pupils
82
Ch. 14 Define: Ectropion
lower lid is loose & rolling out, does not approximate to eyeball. Occurs in aging as a result of atrophy of elastic & fibrous tissue, also trauma
83
Ch. 14 Define: Entropion
lower lid rolls in because of spasm of lids or scar tissue contracting "foreign body" sensation
84
Ch. 14 Define: Stye "Hordeolum"
painful, red, & swollen resembles a pustule at the lid margin (localized staph infection of the hair follicles)
85
Ch. 14 Define: Chalazion
a beady nodule protruding on the lid, non-tender, firm, discrete swelling with free moveable skin overlying the nodule (infection or retention cyst of the meibomian gland)
86
Ch. 12 what type of hair is vellus hair?
Fine & faint
87
Ch. 12 what type of hair is terminal hair?
Darker & thicker

Chamberlain College of Nursing (6 decks)

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