NR 222: Health & Wellness Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
A 6 month old child from Guatemala was adopted by an American family in Indiana. The child’s socialization into the American midwestern culture is best described as what?
A
Enculturation
2
Q
To enhance their cultural awareness, nursing students need to make an in-depth self-examination of their own what?
A
background, recognizing personal biases and prejudices
3
Q
Culture strongly influences pain expression and need for pain medication. Culture pain is
A
suffered by a patient whose valued way of life is disregarded by practitioners
4
Q
When an individual identifies equally with two or more cultural this is known as
A
Biculturalism or multiculturalism
5
Q
The process of acquiring specific knowledge, skills and attitudes to ensure delivery of culturally congruent care is known as
A
cultural competence
6
Q
an in-depth self-examination of one’s own background, recognizing biases, prejudices, and assumptions about other people is known as
A
cultural awareness
7
Q
being able to assess social, cultural, and biophysical facts influencing treatment and care of patients is known as
A
cultural skills
8
Q
What are the two distinct categories of healers that are cross-culturally?
A
naturalistic practitioners and personalistic practitioners
9
Q
which practitioner is attribute illness to natural, impersonal, and biological forces that cause alteration in the equilibrium of the human body?
A
naturalistic practitioner
10
Q
which practitioner believe that an external agent (sorcerer, ghost, evil, &deity) causes health and illness?
A
personalistic practitioners
11
Q
the umbrella term that includes disparities in health and in healthcare is called:
A
health disparities
12
Q
the accomplishment of the highest level of health for all people is called
A
health equity
13
Q
Which type of migration involves immigrants leaving their homeland for a more positive experience (permanent or sojourner)?
A
voluntary migration
14
Q
Which type of migration involves fleeing or being forced out of the homeland to another country?
A
involuntary migration
15
Q
Ethnicity is known as
A
sharing of customs, food, dress, language and the sense of collective identity (distinctiveness)
16
Q
List some characteristics of Arab Americans
A
- Religions: Christianity, Judaism, Islam
- Role of acculturation
- Mental health
- Teenage smoking
- Barriers to care: religious belief and practices, cultural norms/modesty, gender issues regarding providers, communication difficulty, folk remedies
17
Q
List some characteristics of Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders
A
- largest group
- value education
- health concerns & care issue: diabetes, high BP, cholesterol
- family oriented
- Taosim: foundation of Chinese medicine (folk remedies/alternative treatment)
18
Q
List some characteristic of Latino and/or hispanic americans
A
-ethnic representation
-health concerns
Lack of preventive care/insurance
Leading cause is cardiovascular disease
19
Q
List some characteristics of blacks/african americans
A
- health concerns and care issues: higher cancer deaths, HIV, Hypertension, Obesity and mental health concerns
- barriers to care: poverty, lack of health insurance
- centered on family and religion
20
Q
List some characteristics of Native Americans/Alaskan Natives
A
- minority group
- lower education and income levels
- health concerns and care issues: linked to social and economic conditions, smoking, substance abuse, diabetes, suicide, homicide, pneumonia
21
Q
List some characteristics of homeless
A
- poverty, instability or absence of connections to family, housing, place
- lack of employment
- substance abuse
22
Q
Emerging population includes whom
A
Ethnic minorities and homeless people
23
Q
The ethnic population includes whom
A
Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, Blacks/African Americans, Latinos/Hispanic Americans, Native Americans and Arab Americans
24
Q
Define race
A
Associated with power and indexes the history or ongoing imposition of one group’s authority above another
25
Define ethnicity
Ethnicity focuses on differences in meanings, values, and ways of living (practices)
26
Minority groups consists of what
Of people who are living within a society in which they are usually disadvantaged in relation to power, control of their own lives, and wealth
27
Define culture
Refers to integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language, thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial, religious, or social groups
28
Define values
Values are beliefs about the worth of something and serve as standards that influence behavior and thinking
29
Define folk healing system
It embodies the beliefs, values, and treatment approaches of a particular group that are products of cultural development
30
The increasing number of ethnic groups in the United States has been influenced by what?
Increasing immigration
(Increasing population of immigrants has been a significant contributor to the presence of increasing numbers of major ethnic groups in the U.S.)
31
The nurse recognizes that a minority group is perceived as?
People who receive less than their share of wealth, power, and social status
32
Arab Americans are at high risk for what disease?
Adult-onset diabetes
| Also cardiovascular disease including obesity, age, gender, and low employment rates
33
What are the health concerns for Arab Americans?
Mental illness and tobacco consumption amount adolescents
34
Priority nursing assessments of Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders should be on which disease process?
COPD
(They have a high prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Hep B, HIV/AIDS, smoking, TB, and liver disease
35
Priority nursing assessments of Latinos/Hispanic Americans should focus on what disease process, because of its higher incidence in this population?
Cardiovascular
(Cardiovascular is #1 & Cancer is #2 causes of morbidity and mortality; Diabetes is twice as prevalent In Latinos/Hispanics as non-Hispanic White Americans)
36
What two groups comprise emerging populations in the United States?
Ethnic minorities and homeless
37
Cultural competency in health care includes what 3 things
1. Major element in eliminating health disparities
2. Health care providers must be aware of how people interpret their health issues or illnesses
3. Health care are to be provided that respectful of and responsive to the diverse health beliefs of the care recipient
38
Which care act puts consumers back in charge of their health care?
Affordable care act
39
Payment arrangement for health care providers such as nurses or practitioners where you pay a set amount for each enrolled person assigned to them is
Capitation rate
40
Payment model where services are unbundled and paid for separately
Fee-for-service
41
This person has a role of the primary care provider who coordinates and oversees an individual's care is known as the
Gatekeeper
42
This is a newer model for providing primary care in a medical practice in which physicians charge individuals a membership fee averaging $1,500 to $1,900 per year in return enhanced healthcare services/amenities is what kind of care?
Concierge care
43
Individuals who do not have employer insurance coverage through public/private insurance is known as
Healthcare insurance exchanges
44
This organization provides/arranges managed care for health insurance, self-funded health care benefit plans, individuals, and other entities in the U.S. that acts as a liaison with health care providers on a pre-paid basis
Health maintenance organizations (HMOs)
45
This is a tax-advantaged medical savings available to tax payers in the U.S. who are enrolled in a high deductible health plan
Health savings account (HSA)
46
This is a health insurance plan with lower premiums and higher deductibles than a traditional health plan
High-deductible health insurance plan (HDHPs)
47
These people are physicians who care for you awhile when you are hospitalized
Hospitalists
48
An association that contracts with independent physicians and provider services to manage care organizations on a negotiated per capital rate, flat retainer fee, or negotiated fee-for-service basis
Independent practice association
49
An arrangement by which a company/government agency provides a guarantee of compensation for specified loss, damage illness, or death in return for payment of a premium
Insurance
50
Type of health insurance that contracts with health care providers and medical facilities to provide care at reduced costs
Managed care
51
This is a Social health care program for families and individuals with low income and limited resources
Medicaid
52
This is a federal health care plan for people aged 65 years + and certain younger people with disabilities
Medicare
53
This is a residential facility for people with chronic illness or disability, and older people with mobility and eating problems
Nursing centers
54
This is a plan enfolded in response to concern with restrictions of consumers choice in selecting providers and services
Point-of-service (POS) plans
55
This is a health plan generally consisting of hospital and physician providers
Preferred care provider (PCP)
56
This is a group of doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers who come together to give high quality care to their medical patients
Accountable care organizations (ACOs)
57
This is an umbrella term for nurses who practice in the roles of nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse midwives, or CRNAs who are well suited to provide cost effective quality care to individuals and/or families
Advanced practice nurses (APNs)
58
Personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot take away
Civil liberties
59
This agency is based on an individual's ability to make moral judgments
Moral agency
60
The act of committing harm or evil
Maleficence
61
Doing something from custom or habit
Moral
62
the attitude or action, organization, that protects people and gives them what they need but not give them any responsibility or freedom of choice
Paternalism
63
Activities performed by an individual or group on behalf of a health care organization to address systemic ethic issues
Preventive ethics
64
This process is for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person
Informed consent
65
Normative ethical theory that a morally good action is one that helps the greatest number of people
Utilitarian theory
66
This theory encompasses a range of approaches to understand how, why, and to what degree a person appreciate things
Value theory
67
A view that everyone deserves equal economic, political, and social rights and opportunities
Social justice
68
Reliance on a person to carry out responsibilities/promises based on sense of safety, honesty, and reliability
Trust
69
the cultural modification of an individual, group, or people by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture is known as
acculturation
70
to adopt the ways of another culture, to fully become a part of a different society, country, etc
assimilation
71
which cultural care adapts or negotiates with the patient/families to achieve beneficial or satisfying health outcomes
cultural care accommodation or negotiation
72
which cultural care retains and/or preserve relevant care values so patients are able to maintain their well-being, recover from illness, or face handicaps and/or health
cultural care preservation or maintenance
73
which cultural care reorders, changes, or greatly modifies a patient's/family's customs for a new, different and beneficial health care pattern
cultural care patterning or restructing
74
when using one's own values and customs as an absolute guide in interpreting behaviors that is known as
cultural impostition
75
the care that fits the people's valued life patterns and set of meanings- which is generated from the people themselves, rather than predetermined criteria
cultural congruent care
76
the significant historical experiences of a particular group is known as
ethnohistory
77
having or based on the idea that your own group or culture is better or more important than others is known as
ethnocentric
78
nonblood kin; considered family in some collective cultures is called
fictive
79
Carla refuses to ambulate without an abdominal binder during her postpartum stay in the hospital. of what belief is this a manifestation?
cultural belief that air would enter the uterus
80
a comparative study of cultures to understand similarities and difference across human groups
transcultural nursing
81
the process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values
enculturation
82
when viewing other ways as inferior, unnatural, or even barbaric, can serve as a major obstacle in establishing and maintaining good working relationships with consumers of health care services
ethnocentric perspective
83
define ethnic
refers to a group of people who share a common and distinctive culture and who are members of a specific group
84
in the private sector, which organization provides health care insurance that includes independent prepayment plans?
Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)
85
define self-insurance
are those in which either the employers takes on the role of insurer or the enrollee sets up a trust account with tax savings
86
what is the role of the gatekeeper in a managed care health plan?
coordinate and oversee an individual's care
87
this organization acts as "broker" between insurers and health care providers
preferred provider organizations (PPO)
88
What is the most important determinants of the health of a nation?
infant mortality rates
89
what determines the health status of a population?
infant mortality rate, life expectancy, and morbidity/mortality
90
the primary federal agency charged with providing health services to the public is the
United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
91
what federal agency is the frontline agency for providing national health security and must remain vigilant in the rapid detection of disease and controlling disease outbreaks in the US and abroad
Centers for Disease Control
92
As a condition of Medicare and Medicaid payment, the Patient Self-Determination Act requires health care facilities to have
1. policies and procedures for advance directives
2. individual choice in the medical record
3. individual facility policies and policies
4. facility staff and community education about advance directives
93
According to the IOM report "Keeping Patients Safe: Transforming the Work Environment of Nurses, what are the four main problem areas in nurses' work environments?
1. organizational management
2. workforce management
3. work design
4. organizational culture
94
What are the accurate reflections of the recommended practices of IOM for promoting safety within the health care systems?
1. promote health literacy
2. improve transparency in the reporting of health information technology
3. nurses demonstrates an understanding of the environment they work in
95
The nurse recognizes that the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethnics identifies expectations of ethical behavior through statements regarding what?
the primary goals, values, and obligations of the profession
96
The nurse instructs parents that their newborn must be placed in a car seat that faces the back of the seat in the back seat of the car supports the principle that overrides a person's
autonomy
97
when a nurse utilizes aggressive action on behalf of a care recipient, he or she is considered to be practicing what
advocacy
98
in health promotion settings, individual autonomy may be limited by
the duty of protecting the health and safety of society
99
Why do infants in developed countries have better outcomes in natural diseases?
most infants in developed countries are breastfed
100
What does Anthrax cause?
skin lesions or pneumonia
101
What are the components in the World Health Organization (WHO) definition of malnutrition?
obesity, inadequate of vitamins/minerals, and inadequate protein intake
102
violence that is committed by an individual or a small group of people
interpersonal violence
103
What is Community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)?
potentially fatal skin infection that is difficult to treat
104
what is health indicators of a nation for and what are the two indicators?
standard measures used to compare the health status; life expectancy by gender and infant mortality rate
105
The patient for whom you are caring needs a liver transplant to survive. This patient has been out of work for serval months and doesn't have health insurance of enough cash. What principle would be a priority in a discussion about ethics?
justice because the 1st and greatest question in this situation is how to determine the just distribution of resources
106
the point of the ethical principal to "do no harm" is an agreement to reassure the public that in all ways the heath care team not only works to heal patients but agree to do this in the least painful and harmful way possible. Which principle describes this agreements?
nonmaleficence
107
a child's immunization may cause discomfort during administration, but the benefits of protection from disease, both for the individual and society, outweighs the temporary discomforts. Which principle is involved in this situation?
beneficence
108
When a nurse assesses a patient for pain and offers a plan to manage the pain, which principle is used to encourage the nurse to monitor the patient's response to the pain?
fidelity
109
assess the patient's point of view and prepare to articulate it
the nurse practicing patient advocacy
110
institutional ethics committees help to ensure that al participants involved in the ethical dilemma get a fair hearing and an opportunity to express values, feelings, and opinions as a way to find consensus is the best method of
negotiating or processing difficult ethical situations
111
1. reforms promote the principle of beneficence, a hallmark of health care ethics
2. purchasing health care insurance may become an obligation rather than a choice, a potential conflict between autonomy and beneficence
3. lack of access to affordable health care causes harm, and nonmaleficence is a basic principle of health care ethics
explains how health care reform is an ethical issue
