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Chamberlain College of Nursing > NR 224: Fundamentals Exam 2 (Ch. 40 Oxygenation) > Flashcards

NR 224: Fundamentals Exam 2 (Ch. 40 Oxygenation) Flashcards

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1
Q

Primary function of the lungs is to –>

A

transfer O2 from the atmosphere into the alveoli & CO2 out of the body as a waste product

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2
Q

changes in intrapleural & intraalveolar pressures & lung volumes cause the process of

A

inspiration (active process) & expiration (passive process)

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3
Q

decreased ________ levels alter the patient’s ability to transport O2

A

hemoglobin

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4
Q

impaired chest wall movement reduces

A

the level of tissue oxygenation

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5
Q

hyperventilation

A

is a respiratory rate greater than that required to maintain norma levels of CO2

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6
Q

hypoventilation

A

causes CO2 retention

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7
Q

hypoxia occurs if the amount of O2 delivered to tissue is

A

too low

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8
Q

primary function of the heart are to deliver

A

deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation & O2 & nutrients to the tissues

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9
Q

nursing assessment includes

A

respiratory pattern, thoracic inspection, palpation, & auscultation for deviations from normal

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10
Q

diagnostic & laboratory tests complete the database for a patient with

A

decreased oxygenation

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11
Q

health promotions:

A

vaccinations against flu & pneumonia, exercise, nutrition, smoking cessation, & environmental assessment for pollutants & air quality (mask)

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12
Q

airway maintenance requires mobilization of secretion by increased

A

fluid intake, humidification, or nebulization

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13
Q

breathing exercises improves

A

ventilation, oxygenation, & sensations of dyspnea

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14
Q

chest physiology includes

A

postural drainage, percussion, & vibration to mobilize pulmonary secretion

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15
Q

airway maintenance may require use of

A

artificial airways & sunctioning

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16
Q

pneumothorax

A

hole in the lung and causes the lung to collapse

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17
Q

promotion of lung expansion can be achieved by

A

mobility, positioning, incentive spirometry, & chest tube insertion

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18
Q

nasal cannulas & O2 masks deliver

A

O2 therapy, which improves the levels of tissue oxygenation

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19
Q

learning breathing exercises (ex. pursued-lip breathing & diaphragmatic breathing) benefits patients with

A

COPD

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20
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

A

unstable cardiac ischemia

Potter 828

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21
Q

Afterload

A

resistance to left ventricular ejection; the work the heart must overcome to fully eject blood from the left ventricle. (Potter 824)

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22
Q

Angina pectoris

A

is a transient imbalance between myocardial O2 supply & demand
(Potter 828)

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23
Q

Apnea

A

absence of respiration for a period of time

Potter 834

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24
Q

Atelectasis

A

obstruction of airway; collapsed lungs

Potter 822

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25
Q

Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)

A

ventilatory support used to treat patients with obstructive sleep apnea, patients with congestive heart failure, and preterm infants with underdeveloped lungs
(Potter 848)

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26
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

is a procedure that allows your doctor to look at your airway thru a thin viewing instrument
(Potter 832)

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27
Q

Cardiac Output

A

Volume of blood expelled by the ventricles of the heart, equal to the amount of blood ejected at each beat multiplied by the number of beats in the period of time used for computation (usually 1 minute).
(Potter 824)

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28
Q

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation

A

Actively assisting the patient with achieving and maintaining an optimal level of health through controlled physical exercise, nutrition counseling, relaxation and stress management techniques, prescribed medications and oxygen, and compliance.
(Potter 854)

29
Q

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

A

basic emergency procedures for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac massage
(Potter 853)

30
Q

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)

A

group of therapies used to mobilize pulmonary secretions for expectoration
(Potter 842)

31
Q

Chest Tube

A

catheter inserted thru the thorax into the chest cavity for removing the air of fluid; used after chest or heart surgery or pneumothorax
(Potter 849)

32
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration

A

occurs when there is decreased blood flow or injury to the brainstem
(Potter 834)

33
Q

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

A

ventilatory support used to treat patients with obstructive sleep apnea, patients with congestive heart failure, and preterm infants with under developed lungs
(Potter 848)

34
Q

Diaphragmatic Breathing

A

respiration in which the abdomen moves out while the diaphragm descends on inspiration
(Potter 854)

35
Q

Dyspnea

A

sensation of shortness of breath

Potter 831

36
Q

Dysrhythmias

A

deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat

Potter 827

37
Q

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A

graphic record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

Potter 825

38
Q

Endotracheal tube (ET)

A

short-term artificial airways to administer mechanical ventilation, relieve upper airway obstruction, protect against aspiration, or clear secretions
(Potter 846)

39
Q

Expiration

A

is a passive process that depends on the elastic recoil properties of the lungs, requiring little or no muscle work
(Potter 822)

40
Q

Hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood, indicating upper gastrointestinal bleed

Potter 832

41
Q

Hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood from the respiratory tract

Potter 832

42
Q

Hemothorax

A

accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity between the parietal and visceral pleurae
(Potter 849)

43
Q

Humidification

A

process of adding water to gas

Potter 842

44
Q

Hyperventilation

A

respiratory rate in excess of that required to maintain normal CO2 levels in the body tissues
(Potter 827)

45
Q

Hypoventilation

A

respiratory rate insufficient to prevent CO2 retention

Potter 827

46
Q

Hypovolemia

A

abnormally low circulating blood volume

Potter 826

47
Q

Hypoxia

A

inadequate cellular oxygenation that may result from a deficiency in the delivery or use of O2 at the cellular level
(Potter 827)

48
Q

Incentive Spirometry

A

method of encouraging voluntary deep breathing by providing visual feedback to patients of the inspiratory volume they have achieved
(Potter 848)

49
Q

Inspiration

A

an active process, stimulated by chemical receptors in the aorta
(Potter 822)

50
Q

Kussmaul Respiration

A

increase in both rate and depth of respirations

Potter 834

51
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by obstruction in a coronary artery
(Potter 828)

52
Q

Nasal Cannula

A

is a simple, comfortable device used for precise O2 delivery

Potter 851

53
Q

Nebulization

A

Process of adding moisture to inspired air by the adding water droplets. (Potter 842)

54
Q

Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NPPV)

A

Used to prevent using invasive artificial airways (endotracheal [ET] tube or tracheostomy) in patients with acute respiratory failure, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, or exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has also been used following extubation of an ET tube.
(Potter 848)

55
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR)

A

The wave pattern on an electrocardiogram that indicates normal conduction of an electrical impulse thru the myocardium
(Potter 825)

56
Q

Orthopnea

A

abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breath comfortably
(Potter 832)

57
Q

Perfusion

A

(1) Passage of a fluid through a specific organ or an area of the body.
(2) Therapeutic measure whereby a drug intended for an isolated part of the body is introduced via the bloodstream.
(3) Relates to the ability of the cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
(Potter 822)

58
Q

Pneumothorax

A

collection of air or gas in the pleural space

Potter 849

59
Q

Postural Drainage

A

use of positioning along with percussion & vibration to drain secretions from specific segments of the lungs & bronchi into the trachea
(Potter 843)

60
Q

Preload

A

volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole, immediately before ventricular contraction
(Potter 824)

61
Q

Pursed-lip breathing

A

deep inspiration followed by prolonged expiration thru pursed lips
(Potter 854)

62
Q

Stroke-Volume

A

amount of blood pumped out of the heart (left ventricle–> body) during each contraction measured in mL/beat
(Potter 823)

63
Q

Surfactant

A

chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing
(Potter 822)

64
Q

Tracheostomy

A

procedure whereby a surgical incision is made into the trachea & a short artificial airway (a tracheostomy tube) is inserted
(Potter 847)

65
Q

Ventilation

A

respiratory process by which gases are moved into and out of the lungs
(Potter 822)

66
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia/Fibrillation

A

are life-threatening dysrhythmia because of the decreased cardiac output & the potential to deteriorate into ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac death
(Potter 827)

67
Q

Wheezing

A

high-pitched musical sound caused by high-velocity movement of air thru a narrowed airway
(Potter 832)

68
Q

What are the contradictions to Coronary Angiography?

A

renal failure and allergy to dye

Chamberlain College of Nursing (6 decks)

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