NPT past and present Flashcards
What is considered the first diagnostic test?
A. Blood testing
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B. Urine testing
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C. Saliva testing
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D. Hair testing
B. Urine testing
The sources state that the “first diagnostic test is thought to have been urine testing for diabetes.”
How did healers in 1500 BC diagnose diabetes?
A. By observing the color of the urine
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B. By noting the presence of ants attracted to the urine
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C. By tasting the urine
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D. By analyzing the urine under a microscope
B. By noting the presence of ants attracted to the urine
The sources explain that healers in 1500 BC “noticed that ants were drawn to the urine of patients” who had diabetes.
What was the method used to diagnose diabetes in the 1600s?
A. Analyzing the urine’s chemical composition
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B. Tasting the urine
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C. Observing the volume of urine produced
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D. Measuring the patient’s blood sugar levels
B. Tasting the urine
The sources mention that in the 1600s, “tasting the urine was the method to diagnose diabetes.”
What ancient civilization documented a urine-based pregnancy test?
C. Egyptians
The sources highlight an early record of a urine-based pregnancy test in ancient Egypt, as documented in the “Berlin Papyrus.”
In the ancient Egyptian pregnancy test, what was the significance of barley growing?
B. It indicated a boy.
The sources explain that if barley grew in the ancient Egyptian pregnancy test, it meant the woman was pregnant with a boy.
Who is credited with pioneering diabetes diagnosis through urine observation in the 17th century?
A. Hippocrates
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B. Galen
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C. Thomas Willis
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D. Robert Hooke
C. Thomas Willis
The sources cite Thomas Willis (1621-1675) for his contributions to diabetes diagnosis through urine observation.
What ancient medical practice was first described around 3000 years ago by Chinese Emperor Huang Ti?
A. Acupuncture
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B. Moxibustion
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C. Bleeding Time Test
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D. Pulse diagnosis
C. Bleeding Time Test
The sources state that the first Bleeding Time Test was described around 3000 years ago by Chinese Emperor Huang Ti.
What was the purpose of using canaries in coal mines (The Coal Miner’s Test)?
A. To provide companionship to the miners
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B. To detect the presence of toxic gases
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C. To measure the oxygen levels in the mine
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D. To assess the structural integrity of the mine shafts
B. To detect the presence of toxic gases
The sources explain that yellow canaries were used as “sentinel species” in coal mines to detect toxic gases.
Which scientists are associated with early Point of Care (POC) testing for infectious diseases, specifically pneumococcal polysaccharide for lobar pneumonia?
A. Watson and Crick
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B. Dochez and Avery
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C. Salk and Sabin
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D. Fleming and Florey
B. Dochez and Avery
The sources mention Dochez & Avery’s work in 1917 on POC for infectious disease, specifically “pneumococcal polysaccharide for lobar pneumonia.”
What is a Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFA)?
A. A complex laboratory technique requiring specialized equipment
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B. A type of blood test used to measure blood cell counts
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C. A rapid diagnostic test that uses antibodies to detect the presence of a target analyte
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D. A method for separating molecules based on their size and charge
C. A rapid diagnostic test that uses antibodies to detect the presence of a target analyte
The sources describe the Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFA) as a technology that involves the binding of antibodies to antigens and visualization of the resulting reaction.
What is the function of the Sample Pad in a Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFA)?
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A. To capture and concentrate the target analyte
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B. To release antibodies conjugated to fluorescent or chromogenic particles
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C. To provide a visual indication of the test result
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D. To absorb excess sample and prevent backflow
A. To capture and concentrate the target analyte
The sources explain that the Sample pad in an LFA is responsible for sample preparation.
When was the first commercial glucose sensor released?
C. 1975
The sources indicate that Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) released the first commercial glucose sensor in 1975.
What is a key feature of the Eversense E3® CGM System?
A. It requires daily finger-prick blood glucose measurements.
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B. It uses a non-invasive sensor worn on the skin’s surface.
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C. It provides a 6-month continuous glucose monitoring solution.
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D. It is primarily intended for use in hospital settings.
C. It provides a 6-month continuous glucose monitoring solution.
The sources describe the Eversense E3® CGM System as having a “6-month subcutaneous sensor,” providing continuous glucose monitoring.
What is the role of regulatory bodies in the context of NPT?
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A. To promote the development of new NPT technologies
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B. To ensure the accuracy, safety, and effectiveness of NPT devices
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C. To provide financial incentives for healthcare providers to adopt NPT
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D. To educate patients on the proper use of NPT devices
B. To ensure the accuracy, safety, and effectiveness of NPT devices
The sources explain that regulatory bodies are responsible for “formulating and enforcing laws that protect the safety of patients” in relation to NPT.
What is the significance of CLIA waived tests in the United States?
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A. They are highly complex tests requiring specialized training.
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B. They are only available in hospital laboratories.
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C. They are simple tests with minimal risk of erroneous results.
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D. They are not subject to any regulatory oversight.
C. They are simple tests with minimal risk of erroneous results.
The sources define CLIA waived tests as “Simple laboratory procedures cleared by the FDA for home use that are easy to perform and the probability of erroneous results is minimal.”
