biochip and microarray

Question 1

What does the term ‘multiplexing’ refer to in the context of biochip assays?
A. The ability to analyze multiple samples simultaneously
B. The use of multiple labels to detect different analytes
C. The simultaneous measurement of different substances from a single sample
D. The integration of multiple analytical techniques on a single chip

Answer 1

C. The simultaneous measurement of different substances from a single sample

Question 2

What is xPOCT?
A. A type of biochip that uses X-rays for detection
B. A method for amplifying DNA sequences
C. A point-of-care testing device that incorporates multiplexing
D. A software program for analyzing biochip data.

Answer 2

C. A point-of-care testing device that incorporates multiplexing

A. A type of biochip that uses X-rays for detection, B. A method for amplifying DNA sequences, D. A software program for analyzing biochip data.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a type of biochip?
A. DNA microarray
B. Protein microarray,
C. Silicon chip
D. Microfluidic chip

Answer 3

C. Silicon chip

Other options include A. DNA microarray, B. Protein microarray, D. Microfluidic chip.

Question 4

Which of the following techniques is NOT typically used for multiplexing in central labs?
A. Lateral flow assay
B. Mass spectrometry
C. PCR
D. Immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Answer 4

A. Lateral flow assay

Other options include B. Mass spectrometry, C. PCR, D. Immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Question 5

What is the primary function of the Alere Inc. Triage® platform?
A. To perform DNA sequencing
B. To culture cells in a controlled environment
C. To conduct quantitative multianalyte immunoassays
D. To detect and identify pathogens using mass spectrometry.

Answer 5

C. To conduct quantitative multianalyte immunoassays

Other options include A. To perform DNA sequencing, B. To culture cells in a controlled environment, D. To detect and identify pathogens using mass spectrometry.

Question 6

Which types of samples can be used with the Alere Triage® platform?
A. Whole blood
B. Plasma
C. Urine
D. All of the above

Answer 6

D. All of the above

Options include A. Whole blood, B. Plasma, C. Urine.

Question 7

What are the three main approaches to multiplexing in biochips?
A. Spatial separation, regional separation, labels
B. Spatial separation, temporal separation, amplification
C. Regional separation, temporal separation, labels
D. Spatial separation, regional separation, hybridization.

Answer 7

A. Spatial separation, regional separation, labels

Other options include B. Spatial separation, temporal separation, amplification, C. Regional separation, temporal separation, labels, D. Spatial separation, regional separation, hybridization.

Question 8

Which type of material is commonly used as the base for genomic arrays?
A. Silicon wafers
B. Plastic slides
C. Glass slides
D. Nitrocellulose membranes.

Answer 8

C. Glass slides

Other options include A. Silicon wafers, B. Plastic slides, D. Nitrocellulose membranes.

Question 9

What is the key feature of each spot on a microarray?
A. It contains a mixture of different probes
B. It is designed to react with a specific target molecule, C. It produces a unique color change upon binding to an analyte
D. It generates an electrical signal when exposed to light.

Answer 9

B. It is designed to react with a specific target molecule

Other options include A. It contains a mixture of different probes, C. It produces a unique color change upon binding to an analyte, D. It generates an electrical signal when exposed to light.

Question 10

What is the SIMOA® platform known for?
A. Its ability to perform high-throughput DNA sequencing
B. Its high sensitivity in detecting analytes at very low concentrations
C. Its use of microfluidics to separate and analyze cells, D. Its application in drug discovery and development.

Answer 10

B. Its high sensitivity in detecting analytes at very low concentrations

Other options include A. Its ability to perform high-throughput DNA sequencing, C. Its use of microfluidics to separate and analyze cells, D. Its application in drug discovery and development.

Question 11

What type of medical condition is the Randox Apo E4 Array designed to assess?
A. Cardiovascular disease
B. Infectious diseases
C. Cancer
D. Nervous system dysfunction.

Answer 11

A. Cardiovascular disease

Other options include B. Infectious diseases, C. Cancer, D. Nervous system dysfunction.

Question 12

Which of the following is a potential advantage of microfluidic µPADs?
A. They are widely available and commercially successful
B. They require specialized equipment and highly trained personnel
C. They offer a low-cost and rapid method for multiplexed testing
D. They are primarily used for research purposes and not suitable for clinical applications.

Answer 12

C. They offer a low-cost and rapid method for multiplexed testing

Other options include A. They are widely available and commercially successful, B. They require specialized equipment and highly trained personnel, D. They are primarily used for research purposes and not suitable for clinical applications.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic used to distinguish beads in multiplexing?
A. Size
B. Shape
C. Temperature
D. Color.

Answer 13

C. Temperature

Other options include A. Size, B. Shape, D. Color.

Question 14

What is a key challenge associated with traditional flow cytometry?
A. Its limited sensitivity in detecting rare cell populations
B. Its inability to analyze multiple analytes simultaneously
C. Its long turnaround times and high cost
D. Its reliance on radioactive labels, which pose safety concerns.

Answer 14

C. Its long turnaround times and high cost

Other options include A. Its limited sensitivity in detecting rare cell populations, B. Its inability to analyze multiple analytes simultaneously, D. Its reliance on radioactive labels, which pose safety concerns.

Question 15

What type of technology is being explored to create miniaturized flow cytometers?
A. Nanotechnology
B. Microfluidics
C. Artificial intelligence
D. 3D printing.

Answer 15

B. Microfluidics

Other options include A. Nanotechnology, C. Artificial intelligence, D. 3D printing.

Question 16

What is the primary advantage of using a silica fiber microflow cytometer?
A. Its ability to analyze large sample volumes quickly
B. Its compatibility with a wide range of biological samples,
C. Its high flow rates and throughput
D. Its low manufacturing cost and ease of use.

Answer 16

C. Its high flow rates and throughput

Other options include A. Its ability to analyze large sample volumes quickly, B. Its compatibility with a wide range of biological samples, D. Its low manufacturing cost and ease of use.

Question 17

What are label-free technologies and why are they of interest in biochip development for point-of-care applications?
A. Label-free technologies utilize fluorescent dyes or radioactive isotopes to detect target molecules,
B. Label-free technologies rely on physical or chemical properties of the analyte to generate a signal, eliminating the need for labels and potentially simplifying the assay process.
C. Label-free technologies are primarily used in research settings and have limited applicability in clinical diagnostics due to their complexity
D. Label-free technologies are based on the use of nanoparticles to enhance the detection of target molecules.

Answer 17

B. Label-free technologies rely on physical or chemical properties of the analyte to generate a signal, eliminating the need for labels and potentially simplifying the assay process.

Other options include A. Label-free technologies utilize fluorescent dyes or radioactive isotopes to detect target molecules, C. Label-free technologies are primarily used in research settings and have limited applicability in clinical diagnostics due to their complexity, D. Label-free technologies are based on the use of nanoparticles to enhance the detection of target molecules.