NPS- Assessment by inspection

Question 1

Define Central Cyanosis

Answer 1

sign of respiratory distress

R to L shunting in either the heart or to the lungs

to determine if true evaluate the infants mucus membranes and not the extremities

Question 2

Acrocyanosis

Answer 2

blue in the hands and the feet and not normal a sign of respiratory distress

may be present in healthy newborns up to 24 hours

Question 3

Mottling

Answer 3

Lacy pattern under the skin from dilated blood vessels

Results in fluctuations in circulation

May be the result of chilling or prolonged apnea

Question 4

Harlequin Sign (Clown sign)

Answer 4

a deep red color over one side of the newborn while the other remains pale

not clinically significant but should be documented

Question 5

Define Bilirubin

Answer 5

elevated serum bilirubin level

Question 6

Normal RR of term infants

Answer 6

30-60 RR

Question 7

Define apnea

Answer 7

> 20 seconds

May be caused by aspiration, asphyxia, IRDS, hypglycemia CNS disorder, sepsis, pneumonia, and apnea of prematurity

Question 8

Periodic Breathing

Answer 8

episodes of apnea that last less than 10 seconds and alternate with normal respiration

Can happen up to 3 months of age

Question 9

Define bradypnea

Answer 9

< 30 seconds/ mind

Question 10

Define Tachypnea

Answer 10

> 60 RR

Question 11

What causes an infant to have tachypnea

Answer 11

Hypoxemia and Hyperthermia are the most common

Question 12

What is Choanal Atresia?

Answer 12

Respiratory distress that decreases during crying

Means that the nasal cavity is blocked

Question 13

What can cause a asymmetrical chest movement

Answer 13

pneumothorax
atelectasis
improperly placed ETT
pneumonia
diaphragmatic hernia
hemidiaphragmatic paralysis

Question 14

Intercostal and/or sternal retractions indicate what?

Answer 14

sign of respiratory distress and/or an airway obstruction

Question 15

Nasal Flaring

Answer 15

An attempt to achieve airway dilation in order to decrease airway resistance and increase gas flow and volume

Question 16

What does transillumination of the chest indicate?

Answer 16

When a pneumothorax is suspected

Question 17

What does it mean when the entire hemithorax lights up or brightly illuminated?

Answer 17

Pnuemothorax

Question 18

If there is any type of malformation what type of an assessment should be done?

Answer 18

Thorough examination

Question 19

What is NEC and how is it identified or suspected?

Answer 19

Necrotizing entercolitis and abdominal distention

Question 20

Explain Scaphoid abdomen

Answer 20

consistent with diaphragmatic hernia and results from bowel in chest causing a hallow or concave abdomen

Question 21

Explain an omphalocele

Answer 21

A condition in which the protruding intestines are contained within a translucent membrane or sac and the umbillical cord originates within the membrane

Question 22

Explain Gastroschisis

Answer 22

Protruding intestines are not contained within the membrane and requires surgical intervention

Question 23

Most common type of Myelodysplasia

Answer 23

Spina Bifida

Question 24

Explain Myelodysplasia

Answer 24

defect of the CNS and may be diagnosed prenatally by AFP (Alpha Fetoprotein) measurement of the amniotic fluid

Question 24

Explain Myelodysplasia

Answer 24

defect of the CNS and may be diagnosed prenatally by AFP (Alpha Fetoprotein) measurement of the amniotic fluid

Question 25

What is the most common disease related to Myelodysplasia?

Answer 25

Spina Bifida

Question 26

What does venous distention indicate

Answer 26

fluid overload

Question 27

explain normal cap refill time?

Answer 27

return of color within 1-2 seconds

Question 28

cap refill more than 3 seconds may indicate what?

Answer 28

hypotension or decreased cardiac output