NPM

Question 1

As what can NPM be used?

Answer 1

 As a theory: “The public sector can be improved through private sector approaches, techniques and values”
 As a tool box:
o Emphasis on performance -> especially measuring outputs
o Preference for lean, flat, specialized forms of organization
o Replacement of hierarchical means of coordination by contract-orientated ones
o Integration of market mechanisms (tenderings, rankings, performance evaluation)
o Emphasis on the service user as customer
 As a public management and public sector reform concept
 As a Management trend
 As a Label for public sector reform since the 80s
 -> NPM is an analytical description (how public management is changing) + normative prescription (how pm should be done)

Question 2

4M Model

Answer 2

 Maintain:
o Traditional control mechanisms
o zB “old public administration”; spending cuts/stops, freeze/decrease of head counts
 Modernize
o Management orientated instruments: Decentralization, performance orientation, management responsibility
o zB Performance budgets, accruel accounting, decentralized resource control and competencies
 Marketize
o Market type mechanisms, more competition
o zB quasi markets, benchmarking on output/outcome
 Minimize
o Hollowing out the state, privatization
o zB Contracting-Out, privatization

Question 3

4-M Model

Answer 3

-

Question 4

 Theory compass in political science

Answer 4

-

Question 5

NPM as a tool box

Answer 5

o Emphasis on performance -> especially measuring outputs
o Preference for lean, flat, specialized forms of organization
o Replacement of hierarchical means of coordination by contract-orientated ones
o Integration of market mechanisms (tenderings, rankings, performance evaluation)
o Emphasis on the service user as customer