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Piggies > Notifiable Diseases > Flashcards

Notifiable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

International Notifiable Diseases

A
  • foot and mouth
  • vesicular stomatitis
  • classical swine fever
  • african swine fever
  • OIE must be notified within 24 hours of primary case
  • EU legislation dictates slaughter policy
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2
Q

Other notifiable diseases

A
  • aujeszky’s disease
  • brucellosis suis
  • trichinellosis
  • TGE
  • porcine cysticercosis
  • member state within the EU is responsible for disease status and control
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3
Q

vesicular diseases

A
  • foot and mouth
  • swine vesicular disease
  • vesicular stomatitis
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4
Q

method of spread (F&M/SVD)

A
  • airborne (not SVD)
  • faecal contamination
  • movement of pigs
  • waste food
  • personnel
  • shared equipment
  • pet pigs
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5
Q

Survival in environment (F&M/SVD)

  • pH
  • freezing
  • heat (destroyed at)
  • smoking
  • faeces
  • disinfection
A
  • 2.5-12.0 7.0-9.0
  • -20 -30
  • > 70 >37
  • 12.3) acid or aklaline
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6
Q

Route of infection (F&M/SVD)

A
  • ingestion
  • inhalation (NOT SVD)
  • cuts/abrasions
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7
Q

F&M/SVD pathogenesis

A
  • infection
  • virus multiplies locally
  • cell destruction and formation of vesicles
  • excretion of virus via faeces (for around 3 months) and upper respiratory tract (for about 2 weeks)
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8
Q

F&M/SVD epidemiology

A
  • pigs manufacture and excrete high concentrations of FMD
  • no carrier state in either
  • incubation period is 2-7 days
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9
Q

F&M/SVD viruses

A

FMD: apthovirus
SVD: enterovirus

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10
Q

F&M/SVD

CS (6)
vesicles
other

A
  • pyrexia, anorexia, depression
  • fever, lameness
  • vesicles on coronary band and interdigital space
  • sudden onset of severe, acute lameness
  • arched back, unwilling to move, squeal in pain when encouraged to get up
  • may walk on knees

vesicles:

  • blanched areas on epithelium on coronary band
  • vesicles form and rupture after a few hours
  • ulcerated tissue surrounded by tags of epithelium
  • healing by granulation in 4 days
  • underrunning of horn and sloughing

morbidity and mortality are lower for SVD than FMD

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11
Q

F&M/SVD distribution of lesions

A
  • coronary band and supernummary digits
  • interdigital space
  • limbs, mammary glands, snout and tongue
  • high mortality amongst suckling pigs
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12
Q

F&M/SVD DDx

A
  • contact dermatitis
  • swine pox
  • trauma
  • chemical burns
  • biotin deficiency
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13
Q

F&M/SVD Diagnosis

A
  • virus isolation
  • PCR
  • serology
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14
Q

vesicular stomatitis

A
  • 2 RNA vesiculoviruses
  • not in UK
  • transmitted by infected pigs and formites
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15
Q

CSF vs ASF

A
  • CSF: pestivirus: pH 3-11.5, incubation 4-19 (7)
  • ASF: asfaarviridae: pH 5-10, can replicate in IMH incubation (2-30 (5)

destroyed by phenol, formalin and sodium hydroxide

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16
Q

CSF/ASF transmission

A
  • oral/nasal secretions
  • infected pigs
  • semen (carrier pigs)
  • mechanical, personnel
  • IMH (ticks)
  • wild boars
17
Q

CSF/ASF CS

  • acute
  • chronic
A
  • high fever (40)
  • loss of appetitie
  • dull
  • blotchy discolouration of skin
  • incoordination
  • weakness of hindquarters
  • constipation followed by diarrhoea
  • cough
  • death in 4-7 days

chronic:

  • dull
  • unthrifty
  • variable cough
  • diarrhoea
  • emaciation
  • joint swellings
  • necrotic ulceration of skin
18
Q

CSF/ASF DDx

A
  • bacterial septicaemia
  • thrombocytopaenia
  • warfarrin poisoning
  • nervous conditions
  • erysipelas
  • porcine stress syndrome
19
Q

CSF/ASF Diagnosis

A
  • virus isolation
  • PCR
  • serology
20
Q

Controls (10)

A
  • notification
  • investigation and confirmation
  • 3km protection zone, 10km surveillance zone
  • epidemiology and tracing
  • movement restrictions
  • valuation and slaughter
  • carcase disposal
  • clean and disinfect
  • restocking with sentinel pigs
  • import controls
21
Q

PRIMO

A

pig identification, record and movement order

  • record to be kept of all pigs
  • registered with AHVLA as a pig keeper
  • pig must be identified when moved and noted in movement schedule
  • domestic: paint, slap mark, tag, tattoo
  • export: ear tag
22
Q

Aujesxky’s disease

A
  • eradicated in 1980s
  • herpes virus
  • inactivated by heat, disinfectant, formaldehye adn detergents
  • stable between pH 6-11
23
Q

Aujesxky’s disease CS (4)

A
  • inappetence, fever, lethargy
  • fertility porblems
  • nervous signs
  • respiritory signs
24
Q

Aujesxky’s disease Dx

A
  • consider whole herd picture
  • take history
  • confirmation unlikely on clinical grounds
  • notify APHA
25
Q

Aujesxky’s disease Transmission (6)

A
  • oro-nasal
  • aerosol up to 5 km
  • semen and AI
  • transplacentally
  • carrier pigs
  • slurry/buildings
26
Q

Aujesxky’s disease survey

A
  • all culled breeding boars must be serum ELISA tested

- positive/inconclusive = report to VLA and investigate

27
Q

Anthrax general CS

A
  • pigs have some resistance
  • sudden death
  • pyrexia, anorexia and depression
  • petechiation of skin
  • head and throat oedema
  • haemorrhagic dysentry
28
Q

Anthrax specific CS for each form of disease (3)

A

pharngeal form:

  • cervical oedema
  • bloody or clear fluid
  • tissue gelatinous
  • LN engorged

septicaemic form

  • enlarged spleen
  • congested carcase
  • renal petechiation
  • engorged LNs

Intestinal form:

  • peritoneal oedema
  • intestinal mucosa thickened with diptheritic membrane and fibrinous adhesions
  • splenic infarcts
  • engorged LNs
29
Q

Anthrax DDx (6)

A
  • any condition with sudden death: acute swine fever
  • erysipelas
  • clostridia
  • salmonella
  • hyperthermia
  • poisons
30
Q

Anthrax Dx

A
  • suspect cases reported to AHVLA
  • blood smear from superficial vessel
  • smears from swab of cervical oedema
  • smears from associated LNs

methylene blue shows up pig rods with surrounding clear capsule and spores

31
Q

Anthrax control

A
  • disposal of carcase by incineration
  • disinfection of ay area contaminated by body fluids
  • disinfection of manure followed by burning or burial

Piggies (6 decks)

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