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Piggies > Management Diseases > Flashcards

Management Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

The outdoor sow

A
  • cold
  • sunburn
  • salt poisoning
  • bird strike
  • stavation/bullying
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2
Q

Thin sow syndrome

  • causes (5)
  • bodyweight
A
  • inadequate bodily condition to function properly
  • feeding too little in pregnancy
  • feeding too little in lactation
  • bullying
  • excess energy loss e.g. cold and no increase in winter feed
  • parasitism

12.5kg increase in body weight from conception to conception

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3
Q

Thin sow syndrome

  • results
  • commonly
A
  • thin layer of SC fat do not cushion the bony prominences
  • animals hosed on concrete may develop sores

commonly:

  • during farrowing indoors
  • over shoulder
  • over hips and back
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4
Q

Parasites

A
  • hyostrongylus rubidus
  • oesophagostomum
  • ascaris suum
  • trichuris suis
  • metastrongylus apri
  • sarcoptes scabeii var suis
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5
Q

Hyostrongylus rubidus

  • Facts (2)
  • pathogenesis
  • CS (3)
  • Dx
  • Tx
A
  • 1cm red stomach worm
  • infects gastric mucosal glands and gives a morroccan leather appearance
  • goes into gastric mucosa in larval stages and lie there inhibited until half way through gestation when they recommence development until lactation –> damage causes protein leakage

CS:

  • weightloss in lactation which continues post weaning
  • no diarrhoea
  • reduced fertility (increased W-S interval, increased irregular returns and decreased fecundity

Dx:

  • FEC
  • plamsa pesinogen

larval stages do not respond to anthelmintics

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6
Q

Oesophagostomum

  • Facts (2)
  • CS (4)
  • Pathology
  • Dx
A
  • 1.5 cm, found in colon and and caecum
  • periparturinet rise mid gestation and peaks during lactation

CS:

  • poor weight gain
  • reduced productivity
  • ± diarrhoea
  • contributes to thin cow syndrome and reduced milk yields

Pathology:
- diffuse enteritis ± nodules of larvae in mucosal surface

Dx: FEC

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7
Q

Ascaris Suum

  • facts (2)
  • CS (3)
A
  • larvae migrate through the liver (milk spot) with mature stages in the SI
  • mainly transmitted through environmental contamination but can be passed (rarely) dam –> offspring

CS:

  • decreased growth
  • decreased fecundity
  • soft cough
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8
Q

Trichuris Suis (4)

A
  • mature worms are 3-8cm long
  • LI worm
  • larval stages invade the crypts of the LI, causing mucosal damage –> may be invaded by secondaries e.g. brachyspira
  • mild diarrhoea and reduced weight gain
  • immunity develops with age
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9
Q

Metastrongylus Apri

  • facts (2)
  • CS (3)
  • PM (3)
A
  • lungworm
  • IMG = earthworm (common in outdoor pigs)

CS:

  • coughing
  • dyspnoea
  • reduced growth rate

PM:

  • pale patches of emphysema in diaphragmatic lobes
  • thin, white worms (4-5cm) can be squeezed out of this lung tissue
  • may see embryonated eggs in faeces
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10
Q

Sarcoptes scabeii var suis (5)

A
  • burrowing mite
  • causes intense pruritis (hypersensitivity reaction) and contributes to thin cow syndrome
  • mites commonly found around ears –> will flap ears/ have crusting around edges/ wax in ears
  • spread pig-pig and from environment
  • mite survives up to 2 weeks in environment
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11
Q

Anthelmintic protocols

  • types
  • programmes
A
  • in feed, water and parenterally (no drenches)
  • may include ascaracidal activity by using avermectin where herd has sarcoptes or haematopinus suis (sucking louse)

Premixes;

  • Ivermectin
  • benzimadazoles

Water soluble:
- fenbendazole

Parenternal wormers
- Ivermectins

Worming programmes:

  • breeding stock: done 2/year: spring and autumn
  • fattening stock: every 2 months form weaning
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12
Q

Infertility Problems (4)

A
  • gilt management prior to first service
  • supervision of service
  • AI timing
  • Pregnancy checks and returns
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13
Q

Farrowing Problems (5)

A
  • farrowing crate adjustment
  • use of prostaglandin on wrong day of gestation
  • positioning of creep lights
  • poor colostral intake (supervised farrowing)
  • poor hygiene at interferance
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14
Q

Use of prostaglandin on wrong day of gestation (4)

A
  • used to induce farrowing
  • piglets are viable from day 111 (for success, service dates must be precise)
  • undersized piglets are more vulnerable and more likely to have splay leg
  • colostral quantity and quality may be compromised if induced early
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15
Q

Positioning of creep lights (2)

A
  • should be placed to the rear of sow and in creep area
  • rear light should be switched off after the sow has finished farrowing –> piglets will then be safe in the creep, away from the sow
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16
Q

Poor colostral intake (supervised farrowing) (4)

A
  • colostrum protects against general diseases, stimulates metabolism to warm the pig and acts as a laxative
  • intakes is essential to protect the offspring of vaccinated sows
  • split sucking may be required
  • colostral substitutes may be given by stomach tube, but cross fostering should be avoided in the first 24hours of life
17
Q

Poor Hygiene at interferance

A
  • dirty hands, damage or faecal contamination can lead to intrauterine infection, infected postpartum discharge and reduced fertility at subsequent service
18
Q

Trauma in the Farrowing crate (4)

A
  • piglets may be overlain (most common in first 48 hours): raised edge may prevent
  • piglets may be crushed against filiments
  • piglets may be savaged (most commonly gilts)
  • all crushings/overlying problems should be confirmed by PM
19
Q

Water supply (5)

A
  • unpalatable water/ furred up pipes and nipples depress water intake
  • need min. of 2L/minute water delivery to avoid frustration
  • if inadequate water will result n overheating, reduced milk production and salt poisoning
  • water sprays may be required in hot weather so sows and piglets
  • piglet drinkers will reduce mortality fomr diarrhoea dna improve growth rates
20
Q

Salt Poisoning

  • faces (3)
  • CS of total water deprivation (4)
  • CS of excessive salt intake/ incomplete deprivation (6)
A
  • can affect any age
  • due to excess dietary salt or water deprivation (freezing/drought/burst pipes) or if individuals are too immobile and unable to reach water
  • CS may be exacerbated by re-introduction of water

CS of total water deprivation

  • seizures
  • prostration with paddling
  • coma
  • death

CS of excessive salt intake/ incomplete deprivation:

  • blindness
  • unresponsiveness to external stimuli
  • inappetence
  • head pressing
  • circling
  • convulsions
21
Q

Salt poisoning

  • Dx (4)
  • Tx (5)
A

Dx:

  • no evidence of fever or arthritis = not strep suis
  • no evidence of oedema = not oedema disease
  • no grows PM change apart from congestion of meninges
  • meningoencephalitis with oedema ad eosinophil accumulations around vessels of cerebral cortex and meninges

Tx:

  • low sodium diet
  • re introduce water slowly: water trough so all can access but with a limited supply
  • betamethasone
  • keep in subdued light
  • euthanase if no improvement after 36 hours
22
Q

Iron deficiency/anaemia

  • pathogenesis
  • requirements
  • CS (5)
A
  • hypochromic, microcytic anaemia of rapidly growing pigs housed on concrete/plastic (iron is found in soil)
  • piglets require 15mg/day but sow only supply 1mg/day
  • by 3-4 weeks, haemoglobin will have dropped form 120g/l to 35g/l if no access to iron
  • iron is contained in creep feed
  • clinically apparent by 10-14 days

CS:

  • reduced growth
  • falling behind rest of litter
  • appear pale/jaundiced
  • lethargy
  • dyspnoea
23
Q

Tooth Clipping (5)

A
  • not permitted as routine in UK
  • advantage of 0.5kg/piglet
  • injury can occure (particularly to face) resulting in staph. hyicus –> exudative epidermitis (greasy pig)
  • injury to sows udder can occur
  • take sharp point off only by clipping and grinding
24
Q

Tail bitin

  • causes (2)
  • triggers (6)
  • control (3)
  • considerations
A
  • natural tendency to chew
  • attracted to blood (metallic taste) once initial damage has occurred

Triggers:

  • temperature variation
  • draughts
  • high stocking rates
  • competition for food/water
  • mixed genetic lines
  • mixed tail lengths

control:

  • docking (not routinely permitted in uk)
  • increase salt content of diet if house on slats to 1%
  • remove affected piglets ASAP
  • if no tail remaining, open wound or selling/abscessation at the tail head, euthanise pig on farm
  • if the wound has healed without evidence of abscessation: send for slaughter highlighting tail bite on food information form
25
Q

Castration (2)

A
  • not done in UK

immunological:

  • vaccine that produces antibodies to GnRH which stops testosterone being produced
  • growth rates are maintained up to the late finishing period
26
Q

Sow-sow interactions (5)

A
  • fight for dominance
  • grouped either 8-16 or very large groups
  • after weaning
  • when loose housed after service
  • when heavily pregnant

Piggies (6 decks)

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