Notifiable Diseases Flashcards
What is a notifiable disease?
- A disease which is named in the section 88 of the Animal Health Act 1981
- In an order made under the Animal Health Act 1981
What different orders can be made under the Animal Health Act to make a disease notifiable?
- Orders related to a single disease- FMD
- Orders related to a species- Infectious diseases of Horses
- Orders related to a specific list- specified diseases 1992
What is the aim of notifiable diseases?
- To prevent the introduction of specified diseases into Great Britain- exotic
- To eradicate, control or prevent the spread of specified diseases of economic, animal health, animal welfare or public health importance- endemic
Why make a disease notifiable?
Public health significance- BTB, anthrax
Economic impact on the agricultural industry- FMD
International trade impact
Animal welfare impact- FMD, Rabies
What is the purpose of notifiable diseases?
- To collect information
- To confirm absence
- To detect quickly
- To control as part of compulsory disease control programme by the state
- To facilitate international trade
- To prevent risks to the public
What is an example of making a disease notifiable to collect information?
Aujeszky’s disease
Blue eared pig disease
What are examples of diseases that are notifable to confirm absence?
Blue tongue- affects ruminants, spread by culicoides
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
What is an example of a disease that is notifiable to be detected quickly?
Foot and mouth disease
What disease is notifiable to be controlled as part of the compulsory disease control programme?
Avian influenza
Why are notifiable diseases used for faclitate international trade?
Once a notifiable disease is identified and declared many countried will refuse to accept animals/products
Confirmation of freedom from notifiable diseases is often required
Transparency- mutual trust
What notifable diseases are zoonoses?
- Anthrax
- Avian influenza
- BSE
- Brucella abortus
- Brucells melitensis
- Echinococcus multilocularis
- Equine viral encephalomyelitis
- Glanders and farcy
- Newcastle disease
- Rabies
- Tuberculosis (bovine)
- West nile virus
What endemic diseases are notifiable in cattle?
Tuberculosis
Anthrax
BSE
What exotic diseases are notifiable in cattle?
- FMD
- Rabies
- Rinderpest
- CBPP
- Brucella abortus
- Warble fly- scotland
- Enzootic bovine leukosis
- Bluetongue
- Rift valley fever
- Vesicular stomatitis
- Lumpy skin disease
What endemic diseases are notifiable in sheep?
Anthrax
Scrapie
Sheep scap- scotland
What notifiable diseases of sheep are exotic?
- Brucells melitensis
- Bluetongue
- Contagious agalactica
- Contagious epididymitis
- FMD
- Peste des petits ruminants
- Rabies
- Rift valley fever
- Sheep and goat pox
BBC FRS
What endemic disease is notifiable in pigs?
Anthrax
What notifiable diseases are notifiable in pigs that are exotic?
- African swine fever
- Aujeszky’s disease
- Classical swine fever
- FMD
Rabies - Swine vesicular disease
- Teschen
- Vesicular stomaitis
- Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
What diseases are notifiable in poultry?
Newcastle disease
Avian Influenza- Low path, High path
Pigeon paramyxovirus
Which disease are notifiable in horses?
African horse sickness
Contagious equine metritis
Dourine
Epizootic lymphangitis
Equine infectious anaemia
Equine viral arteritis
Equine viral encephalomyelitis
Glanders and farcy
Rabies
Vesicular stomatitis
West nile fever
What diseases are notifiable in Deer?
Tuberculosis
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease
Rabies
Warble fly
Anthrax
FMD
Chronic wasting disease
What factors are critical for success of controling notifiable diseases?
- Knowledge of the epidemiology and ecology of the organism
- Means of identifying infected animals
- Ability to eliminate the pathogen once identified
- Ability to stop reintroduction of the pathogen onto premises
- Cooperation of all sectors of the industry
- Financial resources
- Infastructure
Why is lameness in dairy cows not notifiable?
- Multifactorial; definitive diagnosis difficult, so confirming eradication would be impossible
- There is no international agreement on diagnostic criteria
- Very prevalent, costs excessive
- Not zoonotic
What factors affect the control measures decided on for notifiable diseases?
Is a reduction of complete elimination of an organism wanted?
Cost of applying legal requirments of disease control must be reasonable
What is required to control a notifiable disease?
Minimise contact- movement controls, farm, protection and surveillance zones, slaughter, whole herd slaughter, biosecturity
Vaccination
Treatment