Animal By-Products

Question 1

What is the definition of an animal by-product?

Answer 1

Animal carcases, parts of carcases or products of animal origin that are not intended for human consumption

Question 2

What are the specified risk material in cattle?

Answer 2

Cattle in member states with controlled risks of BSE:
All ages- tonsils, last 4m of SI, caecum, mesentery
Over 12m- skull excluding the mandible and including the brain and eyes and spinal cord
Over 30m- vertebral column including the dorsal root ganglia but excluding-
vertebrae of the tail
spinous and transverse process of the cervical
thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
median sacral crest and wings of the sacrum

Cattle in member states with neglible risk of BSE
Over 12m- skull excluding the mandible and including the brain and eyes and spinal cord
Under 12m- no SRM

Question 3

What is the specified risk material in sheep and goats?

Answer 3

Under 12 months- no SRM

Over 12 months- Skull including the brain, eyes and spinal cord

Question 4

What is done with ABP?

Where can it be found?

Answer 4

Dog food
Sodium tallowate soap
Glues
Violin
HyClone

Abbatoirs, farms, knackers yard, airports and ports, zoos and circuses, labs

Question 5

What are the rules of ABP?

Answer 5

Risk-based- 3 categories with different treatment depending on the level of risk

Licences for establishments that handle ABP and for equipment that destroys ABP

Rules for movement and international trade

Enforcement of rules by vets and local authorities

Question 6

Who is responsible for enforcement relating to ABP within approved slaughterhouses and cutting plants?

Who is responsible elsewhere?

Answer 6

The FSA is responsible for enforcement relating to ABP within approved slaughterhouses and cutting plants

The local authorities are responsible elsewhere

Environment agency for large incinerators

OVs working in abattoirs and other licensed premises
Portal official veterinarians

Local authorities/trading standard officers

Food and Veterinary office

Question 7

Describe the history of legislation of ABP?

Answer 7

Traditionally ate most

Fallen stock could be managed locally

First controls on animal carcases introduced in dogs act 1906- an offence for leaving any carcase on agricultural land where dogs can gain access

Anthrax order 1938- the local authority the power to dispose of any carcase suspected of anthrax

Banning of feeding waste food to pigs- Animal by-products amendment order 2001

Specified risk materials 1997

Animal by-product order 1999

Question 8

What is category 1 of ABP?

Answer 8

Specified risk material, and where, at the time of disposal has not been removed, entire bodies of dead animals containing specified risk material

Products derived from animals to which substances prohibited have been administered- containing residues of environmental contaminants

All body parts of the following animals:
Animals infected or suspected of TSE
Animals killed in the context of TSE eradication measures
Animals other than farmed and wild
Experimental animals
Wild animals, when suspected of zoonosis

All animal material collected when treating wastewater from Cat 1 processing plants

Catering was from means of transport operating internationally

Question 10

What is done with category 1 ABP?

Answer 10

Incineration in licensed incinerators and the ash disposed in specially licensed landfills

Rendering with all products marked with GTH

Special landfills for catering wate

Special derogations for remote areas

Has to be stained blue

Question 11

What is Cat 2 ABP?

Answer 11

Manure and digestive tract content

All animal materials collected when treating wastewater from slaughterhouses other than slaughterhouses and other plants if they are Cat 1

Product of animal origin containing residues of vet drugs and contaminants- unless they are cat 1

Products of animal origin other than cat 1 that are imported from non-member countries and in the course of inspections fail to comply with the veterinary requirements

Animals and parts that are killed to eradicate epizootic disease

Mixtures of cat 2 and 3

Question 12

Where can cat 2 be found?

What can be done with it?

Answer 12

Abattoirs
Farms
Knackers yards- collection centres
Airports and ports
Disease epidemics when stamping out is applied

Incineration in licensed incinerators ash in licensed landfills
Rendering will all products marked with GTH- composting and biogas after
Oleochemical plants
Hunt kennels, maggot farms and zoos
Special derogations for remote areas
Has to be stained black
Manure can go on land

Question 13

What is Cat 3 ABP?

Answer 13

Parts of slaughtered animals, which are fit for human consumption but are not intended for human consumption for commercial reasons

Parts of slaughtered animals which are unfit for human consumption but not affected by any signs of disease communicable to humans or animals

Hides and skins, hooves and horns, pig bristles and feathers from animals slaughtered in a slaughter house, after undergoing antemortem inspection and were fit

Blood obtained from animals other than ruminants- and were fit

animal by-products derived from products intended for human consumption

Farmer foodstuffs of animal origin which don’t present any risk to humans or animals

Raw milk originating from animals that do not show clinical signs

Fish or other sea animals caught in the sea for purposes of fishmeal production

Fresh by-products from fish plants manufacturing fish products

Shell- hatchery and cracked

Blood, hides, skins, hooves, feathers and wool- did not show any sign of clinical disease

Catering waste

Question 14

Where is category 3 found?

Answer 14

Abbatoirs

Butchers waste

Fish manufacturing

Daries

Egg packing

Question 15

What is done with cat 3 ABP?

Answer 15

Pet food

Composting and biogas

Oleochemical plants

Hunt kennels, maggot farms and zoos

Special derogations for remote areas

Question 16

What should slaughterhouses do with ABP?

Answer 16

ABP should not compromise the hygienic production of meat

ABP identification in the correct category

Red meat abbatoirs-

Cat 1, SRM has to be stained in blue and stored in labelled containers

Cat 2- material with exception of blood, gut contents and green offal is stained black

All pieces of cat 2 over 25kg and poultry by-products has solution applied after deep incisions

Question 17

What requirements must farmer’s incinerators have?

Answer 17

The incinerator contains two chambers housed in the same or different shells, and waste is loaded into the primary chamber is burnt, and products flow into the secondary after-burn chamber

On-farm incinerators have to be approved

Question 18

What is the difference between composting and biogas production?

Answer 18

Composting takes place in aerobic conditions

Biogas is biological degeneration under anaerobic conditions

Question 19

What is rendering?

Answer 19

The rendering process involves cooking parts of animals at high temperatures to make the material safe and reduce the water content to a storable level

This is followed by mechanical separation of tallow from the solid residue

Research has found that the only rendering that reduces scrapie is 133d at 3 bar for minimum of 20 mins

Question 20

What cat 3 material can be used to make raw and processed pet food?

Answer 20

Raw:
Slaughterhouse material that was passed fit for humans but unwanted for commercial reasons
Fish by-products from factories/ships for human consumption
Game that was passed fit for humans but commercially rejected
Material from humans that passed an antemortem that is unfit for humans
(liver with fluke)

Processed:
Category 3 ABPs from carcasses passed fit for human consumption
slaughterhouse by-products, like hides, skins, horns, feet, feathers, blood
Heads of poultry
Milk production by-products
Hatchery waste