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nutrition > notes > Flashcards

notes Flashcards

1
Q

% of grains to be whole grains

A

50%

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2
Q

macronutrients

A

CHO, protein, fat

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3
Q

key for protein

A

go lean

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4
Q

limit red meat to …

A

twice per week

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5
Q

micronutrients

A

minerals, vitamins

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6
Q

mandatory allergy labels

A

cows milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, sesame seeds, fish, wheat, soybeans

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6
Q

stomach acids

A

HCL and pepsin

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7
Q

amylase

A

breaks down CHO and is form saliva and pancreatic juice

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8
Q

lipase

A

breaks down fats and is released from pancreas

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9
Q

bile

A

digests fat and is made in liver

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10
Q

major site of absorption of nutrients except fiber

A

small intestine (villi)

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11
Q

aspiration precautions

A

seated upright
30 minute rest before and after meals
tilt chin down
thicken fluids
no straws

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11
Q

vitamin for blood clots

A

K

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12
Q

simple sugars

A

mono or disaccharides
fruit, honey, milk

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12
Q

CHO kcal/g ?

A

4kcal/g

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13
Q

complex sugars

A

polysaccharides

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13
Q

what is the first to leave the stomach

A

carbs

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14
Q

prebiotics

A

indigestible , helps bacterial flora grow

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15
Q

carbs are digested down into what

A

simple sugars: galactose, glucose, fructose

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16
Q

liver converts all CHO to what

A

glucose

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17
Q

liver stores CHO as what

A

glycogen

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18
Q

% of daily calories to be carbs

A

45-65%

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18
Q

bottle mouth syndrome

A

syndrome in babies when sugary substances stay in mouth for too long

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19
Q

average american consumes ? tsp sugar/day

A

18

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20
Q

limit added sugar foods to ?

A

less than 8 tsp per day or less than 50 grams (10%)

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21
Q

recommended fiber g/day

A

21-38g/day

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22
Q

key foods for a high fiber diet

A

prunes, fruits, veggies with skin, whole grain. nuts, and seeds

23
Q

what does a high fiber diet decrease problems with

A

diabetes
hyperlipidemia
constipation
diverticulosis
colon cancer

24
Q

galactosemia

A

genetic disorder
galactose not converted into glucose by liver enzymes

24
Q

low fiber (low residue) diet is for what purpose

A

decreased intestinal activity

25
Q

low fiber diet uses

A

diverticulitis
colostomy
IBD (chrons, ulcerative colitis)

26
Q

diet purpose of DM

A

BG control
lose weight w/ exercise

26
Q

CHO kcal/g

A

4 kcal/g

27
Q

what does fat promote

A

satiety

27
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

27
Q

if cells are low on CHO

A
  1. cells burn fat abnormally
  2. seen in diabetes and starvation (no glucose in cells)
  3. increase in ketones (acidic = decreased pH)
27
Q

fertility ratio of fat to muscle

A

3:1

27
Q

why should pregnant people limit seafood

A

mercury

28
Q

required nutrients on food labels

A

sodium, vitamin D, calcium, iron, potassium

28
Q

clear liquid diet used for

A

after GI surgeries, before GI tests, acute vomiting/diarrhea

29
Q

diabetics should eat mostly what type of carbs

A

complex carbs such as whole grains and legumes

30
Q

diabetes pt should avoid what type of veggie

A

starchy veggies

31
Q

fats are the second energy source after what

A

carbs

31
Q

where is excess fat stored

A

adipose tissue

32
Q

low glucose increases what

A

ketone acids

33
Q

fats should be what percent of daily calories

A

20-35%

34
Q

limit saturated fats to less that ? percent of daily calories

A

less than 10%

35
Q

how much cholesterol should be eaten per day

A

less than 300mg/day

36
Q

where does cholesterol come from

A

from animal foods and made by the liver

37
Q

cholesterol is carried by what proteins in the body

A

HDL and LDL

38
Q

if LDL is high what can happen

A

atherosclerosis, plaqueq buildup

39
Q

HDL removes what

A

plaque

39
Q

omega 3 and 6 fatty acids

A

DHA and EPA

40
Q

sources of omega fatty acids

A

cold water fish, vegetable oil, seeds and nuts

41
Q

eating fish twice per week will decrease…?

A

risk of MI and stroke
risk of abnormal blood clots
inflammation

42
Q

sources of monounsaturated fats

A

olives, avocados, peanuts, almonds, canola oil, designer margarines

43
Q

source of saturated fats

A

red meats, egg yolks, dairy,

44
Q

high protein diet

A

1.2-1.6 g/kg/day

45
Q

purpose of a low protein diet

A

decrease workload on liver/kidneys

46
Q

during liver failure, ammonia is not converted to urea and can become what

A

toxic to the brain

47
Q

for chronic kidney disease what is increased

A

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) toxic to the body

48
Q

four pt with gout (arthritis) what do they have a problem breaking down

A

purines found in proteins

49
Q

gout pts need what kind of diet

A

low purine diet

50
Q

gout pt should avoid

A

red organ meats
fish
turkey veal and bacon

51
Q

what helps a gout pt

A

increased fluids, coffee, cherries

52
Q

what does alkaline ash dish diet do

A

makes urine more alkaline

53
Q

for alkaline ash diet what to avoid

A

meat
fish
eggs
grains

nutrition (9 decks)

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