homework quizes 1-5 Flashcards
according to USDA myplate 2,000 calorie recs, how many cups of vegetables should be eaten every day
2.5
Which race and ethnicity group has the highest obesity prevalence?
non-hispanic blacks
What is the exact 2022 statistic for the prevalence of self-reported obesity among U.S. adults for Florida (not the range)?
31.6%
primary function of minerals
build tissues with very specific functions and control cell metabolism
carbohydrates primary function
source of fuel and heat for energy
primary function of fats
alernate storage form of energy
primary function of proteins
tissue building
primary function of vitamins
govern reactions that produce energy and synthesize molecules
primary function of water
regulatory agent that forms blood, lymph, and interstitial fluids
empty calories
foods that have a lot of kcalories form added sugars but are low in essential nutrients
macronutrients
the three energy-yielding nutrients (carbs, proteins, fats)
micronutrients
two non-yeilding elements and compounds (minerals and vitamins)
what does nutrient dense mean
foods that are a good source of essential nutrients and kcalories
essential nutrients
substances that cannot be made by the body and must be supplied in food
assistance program that provides food purchasing power to low income families
supplemental nutrition assistance (SNAP)
assistance program that provides free or low cost lunch to all children
national school lunch program
assistance program that provides infant formula and breastfeeding support
women, infants and children (WIC)
assistance program that serves meals at senior centers or to home-bound adults over the age of 60
nutrition program for the elderly
where are carbs absorbed after breakdown
blood stream
where are fats absorbed after breakdown
lymph system
where are proteins absorbed after breakdown
blood stream
major enzyme used to break down a whole wheat bun
amylase
major enzyme used to breakdown hamburger patty
trypsin
major enzyme used to break down fat in whole milk
lipase
how do prebiotics come about
indigestible carbs that reach the colon intact, ferment, and stimulate growth of healthy bacteria
end products of carbohydrate digestion
glucose and galactose
major enzyme used to breakdown grapes
amylase
term that describes a serious and sometimes fatal reaction to an allergen that may result in loss of BP, respiratory cong., or cardiac arrest
anaphylaxis
according to PCC nutrition labs, what is the normal pH lv of the stomach
2-3 nmol/h
can a clear liquid diet provide complete nutrition for an extended period of illness?
no
what is included in a clear liquid diet
chicken broth
black coffee
soda
gelatin
hard candy
define polysaccharides
complex carbohydrates
a class of sugars made up of many single glucose units
three examples of disaccharides
sucrose
maltose
lacrose
how does a lack of carbohydrates damage the body
the brain heavily relies on carbs for energy
how can using fats as al alternate source of energy damage the body
when fats are broken down and used at extreme rates, excessive ketones are produced which can cause an acidic environment
how can proteins being used as an alternate source of energy be harmful to the body
amino acid breakdown puts extra burden on the kidneys, and the proteins that replace CHO as energy can no longer be used for tissue repair and building
clinical effects of fiber to treat high cholesterol
fiber binds to cholesterol in the small intestines to prevent absorption
clinical effects of fiber to treat type 2 diabetes
high fiber foods have a low glycemic index with fewer bg spikes
clinical effects of fiber to treat diverticular disease
fiber increases fecal mass and prevents constipation by promoting laxation
clinical effects of fiber to treat IBS
fiber promotes growth of beneficial colonic microflora
Which item will raise an individual’s blood glucose more rapidly, a glass of orange juice or a whole orange?
a glass of orange because it will absorb quicker than an orange because it has way less fiber to slow the process down. it has a higher glycemic index
how many calories of energy from carbohydrates will someone obtain from eating a cookie with 20g of carbohydrates in it
80 because 4cal(20g CHO) = 80 calories
one serving of an item with 37g of carbs counts as how many carb servings
2.5 because 1 carb serving = 15g of carbs and 37g divided by 2 is 2.5
adipose tissue
cells and tissues that store excess fat
low density lipoprotein
transports cholesterol from the liver to the tissues
high density lipoprotein (HDL)
carries cholesterol from the tissues to the liver for excretion
cholesterol
fat-related compound found in bile
triglyceride
synthesized from excess dietary carbs and fat stored in adipose tissue
why are linoleic acid and a-linolenic acids considered essential?
the body cannot synthesize them, they must be obtained from diet
trouble one may occur from removing all fat from their diet
poor formation of cell membranes and myelin sheaths
trouble regulating body temp
unable to absorb fat-soluble vitamins from ingested food
difficulty getting pregnant
how many calories per gram for fats?
9cals/g
what are the structural building blocks of proteins
amino acids
what is the protein sparing effect
the body will first use CHO’s and fats as energy sources, but when not enough CHO’s are available the body will burn protein (muscles) for energy instead of using the CHO
what factors lead to ascites (accumulation of body fluids in the tissues and abdomen)
liver disease, protein malnutrition, low levels of albumin
ovovegetarian
plant foods plus eggs
vegan diet
only plant foods
lactovegetarian
plant foods plus dairy
pescovegetarian
plant foods plus fish
what supplements might a vegan need to take
complementary proteins, vitamin D, calcium, vitamin B12, Omega-3
what juices are necessary for protein digestion
hydrochloric acic and pepsin
