lecture 10 notes Flashcards
calcium in blood is for
muscle and nerve action and blood clotting
daily requirements of calcium
1,000 to 1,300 mg
best if 500 mg at a time
blood levels of calcium
8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL
teens and pregnant ladies need more
calcium
what is needed for calcuim absorption
vitamin D
what causes less calcium to be absorbed
renal failure
PTH
increased blood level = resorption from bone
calcitonin
decreased blood level = sends to bone “tone it down”
deficiency
osteoporosis
tetany
chvosteks sign (face twitching when tapped)
trousseaus sign (hand spasms w BP cuff inflated)
dysrhythmias
phosphorus functions
bone formation
acid base balance
nl blood pH
7.34 to 7.45
limit phosphorus when
renal failure
sources of P
dark soda, lean meat, milk, fish, eggs
phosphorus relation to calcium
inverse
functions of electrolytes
maintain BP
acid base balance
electrical impulses for muscle contraction
in renal failure since calcium is low what would phosphorus be
high
hyponatremia
sodium is lost with vomiting and BG suction
- muscle cramping and twitch
- confusion
- fluid can shift into brain cells and cause seizures w ICP
Na blood levels
135-145 mEq/L
sodium recs
less than 1,500-2,300 mg/day (2.3g)
who should limit Sodium
HTN
heart disease
over 51 years
african american
chronic kidney disease
DM
low sodium diet purpose
increased water excretion used for HTN, HF, renal, and liver failure
foods permitted on low sodium diet
- skim or low fat dairy products
- fresh or dried fruits and veggies
- unsalted snacks
- baked/grilled lean meats
potassium functions
heart muscle contraction
improves PB and HTN (opposite of sodium)
what does aldosterone do to potassium
decreases it through excretion
foods high in potassium
tomatoes
lima beans
potatoes
milk
oranges
tuna
pork
green leafy
