Nose/Paranasal sinuses Flashcards
What are the three major components of the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer bone, cartilage of the septum
What are the two inferior components of the nasal septum?
Crest of the maxillary bone
Crest of the palatine bone
What is a “deviated” nasal septum?
Deviation of the normal septum structures in the nasal cavity, often associated with enlarged inferior turbinates and can lead to nasal airway obstruction
What is A?
Septal branches of superior labial artery
What is B?
Little’s area
What is C?
Anterior ethmoidal artery
What is D?
Posterior ethmoidal artery
What is E?
Septal branches of sphenopalatine artery
What is F?
Greater palatine artery
What is G?
Anterior ethmoidal artery
What is H?
Posterior ethmoidal artery
What is I?
Sphenopalatine artery
What is J?
Greater palatine artery
What is K?
Branches from facial artery
What is the star?
Descending palatine artery
What are the two main sources for the blood supply to the nose?
Internal carotid artery (via ophthalmic artery that branches into anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery)
External carotid artery (via internal maxillary artery that branches into sphenopalatine artery)
What is 1?
Frontal sinus
What is 2?
Ethmoid sinus
What is 3?
Maxillary sinus
What is the drainage pattern for the frontal, anterior ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses?
Anterior drainage lateral to the middle turbinate
What sinuses drain via the posterior drainage route?
Posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses
What are the symptoms of rhinosinusitis?
Nasal blockage, congestion, or stuffiness
Nasal discharge or postnasal drip
Facial pain or pressure, headache, and reduction/loss of smell
What is the time frame for acute rhinosinusitis?
Less than 12 weeks
What two time frame features are suggestive of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?
Increased (worsening) symptoms after 5 days OR persistent symptoms more than 10 days but less than 12 weeks of duration
What are the most common causes of bacterial sinusitis?
S. Pneumoniae, H. Influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, S. Aureus
What is the clinical definition of chronic rhinosinusitis?
Inflammation of nose + paranasal sinuses that is characterized by two or more of the following:
- nasal blockage/obstruction/congestion
- nasal discharge
- facial pain/pressure
- reduction or loss of smell
for more than 12 weeks continuously
