Nose/Paranasal sinuses

Question 1

What are the three major components of the nasal septum?

Answer 1

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone, vomer bone, cartilage of the septum

Question 2

What are the two inferior components of the nasal septum?

Answer 2

Crest of the maxillary bone

Crest of the palatine bone

Question 3

What is a “deviated” nasal septum?

Answer 3

Deviation of the normal septum structures in the nasal cavity, often associated with enlarged inferior turbinates and can lead to nasal airway obstruction

Question 4

What is A?

Answer 4

Septal branches of superior labial artery

Question 5

What is B?

Answer 5

Little’s area

Question 6

What is C?

Answer 6

Anterior ethmoidal artery

Question 7

What is D?

Answer 7

Posterior ethmoidal artery

Question 8

What is E?

Answer 8

Septal branches of sphenopalatine artery

Question 9

What is F?

Answer 9

Greater palatine artery

Question 10

What is G?

Answer 10

Anterior ethmoidal artery

Question 11

What is H?

Answer 11

Posterior ethmoidal artery

Question 12

What is I?

Answer 12

Sphenopalatine artery

Question 13

What is J?

Answer 13

Greater palatine artery

Question 14

What is K?

Answer 14

Branches from facial artery

Question 15

What is the star?

Answer 15

Descending palatine artery

Question 16

What are the two main sources for the blood supply to the nose?

Answer 16

Internal carotid artery (via ophthalmic artery that branches into anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery)

External carotid artery (via internal maxillary artery that branches into sphenopalatine artery)

Question 17

What is 1?

Answer 17

Frontal sinus

Question 18

What is 2?

Answer 18

Ethmoid sinus

Question 19

What is 3?

Answer 19

Maxillary sinus

Question 20

What is the drainage pattern for the frontal, anterior ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses?

Answer 20

Anterior drainage lateral to the middle turbinate

Question 21

What sinuses drain via the posterior drainage route?

Answer 21

Posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses

Question 22

What are the symptoms of rhinosinusitis?

Answer 22

Nasal blockage, congestion, or stuffiness

Nasal discharge or postnasal drip

Facial pain or pressure, headache, and reduction/loss of smell

Question 23

What is the time frame for acute rhinosinusitis?

Answer 23

Less than 12 weeks

Question 24

What two time frame features are suggestive of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis?

Answer 24

Increased (worsening) symptoms after 5 days OR persistent symptoms more than 10 days but less than 12 weeks of duration

Question 25

What are the most common causes of bacterial sinusitis?

Answer 25

S. Pneumoniae, H. Influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, S. Aureus

Question 26

What is the clinical definition of chronic rhinosinusitis?

Answer 26

Inflammation of nose + paranasal sinuses that is characterized by two or more of the following:

• nasal blockage/obstruction/congestion
• nasal discharge
• facial pain/pressure
• reduction or loss of smell

for more than 12 weeks continuously