Nose & Nasal Passage Flashcards
1
Q
Classification of conditions of the nose & nasal passages
A
Inflammatory
- Rhinitis
- Nasal Polyps
- Sinusitis
Neoplastic
- Benign
- Malignant
2
Q
Types of rhinitis (2)
A
- Infective Rhinitis (common cold)
- usually viral
- viral necrosis of surface epithelial cells - exudation of fluid & mucus from damaged surface - submucosal edema - swelling & nasal obstruction of sinuses
- may spread to LRT, risk of 2 bact inf - Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)
- hypersensitivity type I, IgE mediated - to envt agents causing exudate & mucosal edema
- persistence of antigenic stimulus - mucosa becomes swollen & polypoid - forms nasal polyps
3
Q
Morphology of nasal polyps
A
G:
- focal outward protrusions of nasal mucosa
- allergic or non-allergic
- often multiple, bilateral, involves nasal cavity & paranasal sinuses
M:
- localised outgrowths of lamina propria due to accumulation of edema fluid, inflammation & fibroblast proliferation
- inflammatory component is variable
4
Q
Features of sinusitis
A
- inflammation of paranasal sinus linings of maxillary, ethmoid, frontal sinuses
- often associated with rhinitis
- acute or chronic
5
Q
Complications of sinusitis
A
- Mucosal edema - impaired drainage (blockage) of secretions - formation of mucocele or empyema - accumulation of organisms, secretions - predispose to secondary bacterial infection
- May spread to meninges, osteomyelitis
6
Q
Benign neoplasms of the nose/nasal passages (2)
A
- Squamous papilloma of nasal vestibule
- Schneiderian papilomas (transitional cell papilloma, inverted papilloma)
- high recurrence rate, potential for bone destruction but generally non metastasising
- definite (~10%) association with carcinoma, esp oncocytic variant
7
Q
Malignant neoplasms of the nose/nasal passages (4)
A
- rare
1. Squamous cell carcinoma - most common, in ant region near nostrils
2. Transitional cell carcinoma
3. Adenocarcinoma
4. Malignant melanoma
