Congenital Anomalies Flashcards
1
Q
Congenital anomalies of the lung
A
- Agenesis - failure to form
- Pulmonary Hypoplasia - incomplete/defective development
- Bronchial atresia
- Bronchogenic cysts - accessory bronchial buds sealed off from rest of airway
- Bronchopulmonary sequestration - portion of lung that does not communicate with normal bronchial tree
- Kartagener syndrome
- Cystic fibrosis
- Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
2
Q
Features of Kartagener syndrome
A
- immotile cilia syndrome
- cilia have abnormal structure/unable to beat in a coordinated fashion
- recurrent infections
3
Q
Features of cystic fibrosis
A
- common AR disorder in Caucasians
- caused by production of abnormally viscous mucus that cannot be cleared from lungs, pancreas, intestines
- stagnant - repeated infections & bronchiectasis
- require intensive physiotherapy
- death due to infection/respiratory failure
4
Q
Features of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
A
- hyaline membrane disease
- due to deficiency of surfactant in the lungs, usually due to prematurity
- surfactant: secreted by type II pneumocytes, reduces surface tension, keeps alveoli open
- alveolar collapse - hypoxia, damage to endothelial & alveolar lining cells, fibrin exudation
- mothers are given steroids