Nose/Mouth Flashcards
What is the upper third of the nose supported by?
Bone
What is the lower two-thirds of the nose supported by?
Cartilage
What is the medial wall of the nose formed by?
The nasal septum
*Supported by bone and cartilage
*Covered by vascular mucous membrane
What is the vestibule lined with?
Hair
What are turbinates of the nose?
Curving bony structures on the lateral side
*covered with mucous membranes
Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain into?
Inferior meatus
What are the functions of the nose?
Cleansing
Humidification
Temperature control of inspired air
What are sinuses?
Air-filled cavities within the bones of the skull
What are the four sinuses?
Maxillary*
Ethmoid
Frontal*
Sphenoid
*all lined with a mucous membrane
*can be palpated
What is rhinorrhea and nasal congestion?
Drainage from the nose
Sense of stuffiness or obstruction
What is the medical term for a nose bleed?
Epistaxis
What are some causes of epistaxis?
Trauma (nose-picking)
Inflammation
Drying and cresting of the nasal mucosa
Tumor
Foreign bodies
If there is tenderness of the nasal tip or ala what does that suggest?
Local infection
*furuncle
What should you avoid contact with with examining the nose?
The nasal septum
In viral rhinitis describe the mucosa
Reddened and swollen
In allergic rhinitis describe the mucosa
pale
Bluish
Red
What are nasal polyps?
Pale sack-like growths of inflamed tissues that can obstruct the air passage or sinuses
*benign
What is a labial frenulum?
A midline mucosal fold
*connects each lip with the gingiva
What is adjacent to the gingiva?
Alveolar mucosa
What is each tooth composed of?
Dentin
Where do nerves of the teeth enter?
Through the pulp canal and pulp chamber
How many adult teeth are there?
32
*1-16 right to left, upper jaw
*17-32 left to right, lower jaw
What is the front of the tongue covered with?
Papillae
*give the tongue its rough surface
Does the undersurface of the tongue have papillae?
No
What does the lingual frenulum connect?
Connects the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth and ducts of the submandibular glands
Where is saliva secreted from?
Submandibular glands
Where are the soft palate and uvula located?
Above and behind the tongue, there is an arch formed by the anterior and posterior pillars
Where is the posterior pharynx visible?
In the recess behind the soft palate and tongue
Where do tonsils protrude from?
Tonsillar fossa
*which is between the anterior and posterior pillars
What does the buccal mucosa line?
The cheeks
Where does the parotid duct open into?
The buccal mucosa near the upper second molar
Medical term for a sore throat?
Pharyngitis
What are bleeding gums caused by?
Gingivitis
What can cause hoarseness?
Diseases of the larynx
Lesions that press on the laryngeal nerves
What should you consider if the hoarseness is acute?
Voice overuse
Acute viral laryngitis
Neck trauma
What is the medical term for bad breath?
Halitosis
What are you checking for when palpating the tongue?
Indurations
When the patient says AHHH what does that enable you to see?
The pharynx and bilateral rise of the soft palate (CNX)
If there is asymmetric protrusion of the tongue what cranial nerve is damaged?
CN XIII
*hypoglossal nerve
What happens in the mouth if there is CN X (vagus nerve) paralysis?
The soft palate fails to rise and the uvula deviates to the opposite side
What causes angular cheilitis?
Overclosure of the mouth
*see in people with no teeth
*there is softening of the skin at the angles of the mouth
What is actinic cheillits?
A precancerous condition that results from excessive exposure to sunlight
*lip loses normal redness and may become scaly
What is angioedema?
A life-threatening allergic reaction
*involves the larynx, tongue, or upper airway
What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?
Small prominent small brown pigmented spots in the dermal layer
*autosomal dominant syndrome
What is exudative Tonsillitis?
There are thick whit exudates on the tonsils
*increases the probability of streptococcal infection
What is thrush?
White patches on the tongue that are very painful
*can be due to corticosteroids
*very painful
*yeast infection from Candida species
What is Kaposi Sarcoma?
Deeply purple color of lesion in the mouth
*related to AIDS
What causes gingival hyperplasia?
Chronic inflammation
What is leukoplakia?
A thickened whit patch that may occur anywhere in the oral mucosa
*benign
What are Hutchinson Teeth?
The teeth are smaller and more widely spaced than normal and are notched on their biting surfaces
*occur from congenital syphilis
What is black hair tongue?
Brown and black tongue
*benign
*associated with bacterial overgrowth, antibiotic therapy, poor dental hygiene
What is oral hairy leukoplakia?
Whitish raised asymptomatic plaques with a feathery pattern
*cannot be scraped off
*Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
What are Tori mandibularis?
bony growths on the inner surfaces of the mandible *Asymptomatic
What is an aphthous ulcer?
Canker sore
*painful, shallow, whitish-gray oval ulceration
What is torus palatines?
Benign midline bump
What could asymmetric tonsils indicate ?
Lymphoma
What is hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia?
Multiple red spots on the lips
*autosomal dominant endothelial disorder
What are Fordyce spots
Normal sebaceous glands that appear as small yellowish spots in the buccal mucosa or on the lips
What are koplik spots
Early sign of measles
*white small specks that resemble grains of salt
If someone has a smooth tongue what are they deficient in?
Riboflavin
Niacin
Folic acid
B12
