Ears

Question 1

What are the three compartments of the ear?

Answer 1

-External ear
-Middle ear
-Inner ear

Question 2

What comprises the external ear?

Answer 2

The auricle and ear canal

Question 3

What is the auricle?

Answer 3

Consists of cartilage covered by the skin

Question 4

What is the outer curve of the ear called?

Answer 4

Helix

Question 5

What is parallel and anterior to the helix?

Answer 5

The antihelix

Question 6

What is the Tragus?

Answer 6

A modular protrusion that points backward over the entrance to the canal

Question 7

What is the approximate length of the ear canal

Answer 7

24mm long

Question 8

What is at the end of the ear canal?

Answer 8

Tympanic membrane
*Ear drum
*Marks the medial limit of the external ear

Question 9

What is the function of the external ear?

Answer 9

Capture sound waves for transmission into the middle and inner ear

Question 10

What is the middle ear filled with?

Answer 10

Air

Question 11

What are ossicles?

Answer 11

Tiny bones that function to transform sound vibrations from the external ear into mechanical waves

Question 12

What are the three ossicles in the middle ear?

Answer 12

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

Question 13

Which ossicles are visible through the TM

Answer 13

Malleus and the incus

Question 14

What does the middle ear connect to?

Answer 14

Connects to the nasopharynx via the proximal end of the Eustachian tube

Question 15

What is the function of the Eustachian tube?

Answer 15

It ventilates the middle ear space and allows for pressure regulation between the middle ear and surrounding environment
*Will also drain mucus from middle ear into the nasopharynax

Question 16

What is the inner ear composed fo?

Answer 16

Cochlea
Semicircular canals
Otolith organs
*In the vestibule
Distal end of vestibulocochlear nerve VIII (CN VIII)

Question 17

What is the function of the cochlea?

Answer 17

Dedicated to hearing

Question 18

What is the function of the semicircular canals and the otolith organs?

Answer 18

Balance/Equilibrium

Question 19

What do the semicircular canals, otolith organs, and the cochlea form?

Answer 19

The labyrinth

Question 20

What is the first part of the hearing process?

Answer 20

Conductive phase
*from external ear through the middle ear

Question 21

What is the second part of the hearing process?

Answer 21

Sensorineural phase (inner ear)
*cochlea to the nerve
*CN VIII vestibulocochlear

Question 22

If you have conductive hearing loss what structures are affected?

Answer 22

Disorders of the external and middle ear

Question 23

If you have sensorineural hearing loss what structures are affected?

Answer 23

Inner ear

Question 24

What is air conduction?

Answer 24

The normal first phase in the hearing pathway
*sound waves travel through the air transmitted from the external and middle ear to the cochlea

Question 25

What is bone conduction (Alternative pathway)

Answer 25

Bypasses the external and middle ear *can be used to determine hearing loss

Question 26

In normal situation what should last longer AC or BC?

Answer 26

AC>BC

Question 27

What is otitis externa?

Answer 27

Inflammation of the external ear canal

Question 28

What is otitis media?

Answer 28

Infection of the middle ear

Question 29

What is tinnitus and what should be suspected when a patient has tinnitus?

Answer 29

Ringing in the ears *vertigo or Meniere disease

Question 30

What are symptoms of vertigo?

Answer 30

Feeling like the room is spinning

Question 31

What is the tug test?

Answer 31

Use if ear pain, discharge, or inflammation is present *Move the auricle up and down press the tragus

Question 32

How should you move the patients ear when examining the TM?

Answer 32

gently upward, backward, and slightly away from the head

Question 33

What are exostosis?

Answer 33

Non-tender modular swelling covered by normal skin deep in the ear canal *caused by repeated exposures to cold water *benign *Surfers Ear

Question 34

What is the whisper test used for?

Answer 34

To test auditory acuity *CN VIII

Question 35

When do you use the Weber and Rinne fork test?

Answer 35

For patients who failed the whispered voice test *Used to determine if the hearing loss is conductive or sensorineural *if hearing loss is suspected

Question 36

What tuning fork do you use for Weber and rinne tests?

Answer 36

512Hz

Question 37

What does the Weber test test for?

Answer 37

Lateralization *Place in the midline

Question 38

For conductive hearing loss where does the sound lateralize to? (Weber test)

Answer 38

The affected ear

Question 39

For sensorineural hearing loss where does the sound lateralize to? (Weber test)

Answer 39

The good ear *CN VIII impairment in the other ear (affected side)

Question 40

What does the Rinne test test for?

Answer 40

Compare AC to BC

Question 41

If there is conductive hearing loss which is longer AC or BC?

Answer 41

BC=AC or BC>AC

Question 42

If there is sensorineural hearing loss what is longer AC or BC?

Answer 42

AC>BC

Question 43

What is a tophi?

Answer 43

A deposit of uric acid crystal characteristic of chronic tophaceous gout *appear in the helix or antihelix *Develops after chronic sustained high blood levels of Uric acid

Question 44

What is a chondrodematitis helicis?

Answer 44

Chronic inflammatory lesion starts as a painful, tender papule on the helix or antihelix

Question 45

What is tympanosclerosis?

Answer 45

Chalky white patches Does not impair hearing May follow an episode of otitis media *Benign

Question 46

What encases the outer 1/3 of the ear canal?

Answer 46

Cartilage Hair Cerumen

Question 47

What encases the inner 2/3 of the canal?

Answer 47

Bones Hairless

Question 48

What can causes pain during the ear examination?

Answer 48

Pressing on the inner 2/3 of the ear canal

Question 49

What is bulbous myringitis?

Answer 49

Common sequela presenting with painful hemorrhagic vesicles on the TM

Question 50

What causes a serous effusion

Answer 50

URI OR sudden changes in the atmospheric pressure *collection of non-infected fluid in the middle ear