Nose, Ears, Head and Neck, Salivery glands,

Question 1

____________: most instances caused by on or more viruses, a profuse catarrhal discharge

Answer 1

common cold

Question 2

_______________: recurrent attacks of rhiinitis, but in the absence of bacterial infection

Answer 2

Nasal Polp (코폴립)

Question 3

• (); most commonly preceded by acute or chronicrhinitis.
• Maxillary sinusitis (상악동염); occasionally arises by extension of a periapical infection
• (); the process and, when complete, may impound the suppurative exudate.
• (); severe forms, caused by fungi (e.g., mucormycosis) in diabetes.

Answer 3

Acute sinusitis (급성부비동염)
Empyema (축농증)
Chronic sinusitis (만성부비동염);

Question 4

A culture positive case of () with typical tonsillar exudate

Answer 4

Streptococcal pharyngitis

Question 5

Pharyngitis (인두염) and tonsillitis (편도염); ()

Answer 5

viral upper respiratory infections.

Question 6

_____________- enlarged, reddened tonsils (due to reactive lymphoid hyperplasia) dotted by pinpoints of exudate emanating from the tonsillar crypt.

Answer 6

follicular tonsillitis (모낭성 편도염 )

Question 7

_____________: the sole manifestation of allergic, viral, bacterial, or chemical insult.
but, more commonly generalized upper respiratory tract infection, or heavy exposure to
environmental toxins (tobacco smoke).

Answer 7

Laryngitis (후두염)

Question 8

____________________in infants & young children with their small airways
• caused by respiratory syncytial virus, Haemophilus influenzae, or β-hemolytic streptococc

Answer 8

Laryngoepiglottitis (후두후두덮개염)

Question 9

_______________in children, inflammatory narrowing of the airway produces the inspiratory stridor so frightening to parents.

Answer 9

Croup; laryngotracheobronchitis (크룹, 상기도막힘증)

Question 10

________________
• sometimes develop on the vocal cords, most often in heavy smokers or in individuals
who impose great strain on their vocal cords (singer’s nodules).

Answer 10

Reactive nodules (Polyps) (반응결절)

Question 11

___________________
• benign neoplasms, usually located on the true vocal cords, that form soft, raspberry-like
proliferations rarely more than 1 cm in diameter.

Answer 11

Laryngeal squamous papillomas (편평유두종)

Question 12

_________________
• usually single in adults but are often multiple in children; juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.
However, multiple recurring
• The lesions are caused by HPV types 6 and 11.

Answer 12

Papillomas (유두종)

Question 13

Carcinoma of the Larynx
: typically a squamous cell carcinoma seen in male chronic smokers.

Answer 13

⚫ Sequence of Hyperplasia-Dysplasia-Carcinoma (증식-형성이상-암종, 순차적 변화)

Question 14

_______________ in the diabetics, when caused by P. aeruginosa, aggressive and spreads widely.`

Answer 14

inflammations of the ear - otitis media (중이염 ), acute or chronic

Question 15

associated with chronic otitis media, are non-neoplastic
• cystic lesions 1 to 4 cm in diameter, lined by keratinizing squamous
epithelium
• Metaplastic mucus-secreting epithelium and filled with amorphous
debris.
• Sometimes contain spicules of cholesterol

Answer 15

Cholesteatomas (진주종)

Question 16

abnormal bone deposition in the middle ear
about the rim of the oval window into which the footplate of the stapes fits.
• Both ears are usually affected.

following an autosomal dominant transmission with variable penetrance.
• Pathogenesis; unclear, however, represent uncoupling of normal bone resorption and bone formation.

Answer 16

Otosclerosis (귀경화증)

Question 17

The vast majority of these cysts are thought to arise from remnants of the second branchial
arch and are most commonly observed in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40.

Answer 17

Branchial Cyst (Cervical Lymphoepithelial Cyst) (아가미낭, 목림프표피낭)

Question 18

the thyroid anlage begins in the region of the foramen cecum (막구멍, 맹공)

Treatment is excision.
 Malignant transformation within the lining epithelium has been reported
but is rare.

Answer 18

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst (갑상혀관낭)

Question 19

The three major salivary glands

Answer 19

parotid (귀밑샘), submandibular (턱밑샘), sublingual (혀밑샘)

Question 20

a dry mouth resulting from a decrease in the production of saliva.
• As high as 20% in individuals over the age of 70.

a major feature of the autoimmune disorder; Sjögren syndrome (쇼그렌증후근)

Answer 20

Xerostomia (구강건조증)

Question 21

may be induced by trauma, viral or bacterial infection, or autoimmune disease.

Answer 21

nflammation (Sialadenitis) (침샘염, 타액선염)

Question 22

the most common of viral sialadenitis in particularly parotids.

Answer 22

Mumps (볼거리, 유행귀밑샘염)

Question 23

The most common lesion of the salivary glands; blockage or rupture of a salivary gland duct.

consequent leakage of saliva into the surrounding connective tissue stroma.

Answer 23

Mucocele (점액류)

Question 24

epithelial-lined cysts that arise when the duct of the damaged sublingual gland.
- “plunging ranula”, dissected through the connective tissue stroma connecting the two bellies of the mylohyoid muscle.

Answer 24

Ranula (하마종)

Question 25

Nonspecific bacterial sialadenitis; The common offenders; ________

Answer 25

S. aureus and Streptococcus viridans.

Question 26

rise to no fewer than 30 histologically distinct tumors

Answer 26

Neoplasms (신생물)

Question 27

_____________(종양): much more often in males than in females

perhaps reflecting the historically higher prevalence of smoking,

Answer 27

Warthin tumors (와르틴 종양);

Question 28

_______: benign tumors that consist of a mixture of ductal (epithelial) and myoepithelial cells,

show both epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation.

ariously as a carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma or a malignant mixed tumor.

associated with chromosomal rearrangements of PLAG1, a gene encoding a transcription factor

Answer 28

Pleomorphic Adenoma (여러형태샘종)

Question 29

This curious benign neoplasm; the second most common salivary gland neoplasm.
• It arises almost exclusively in the parotid gland (the only tumor virtually restricted to the parotid

Answer 29

Warthin Tumor (Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatpsum)
(와르틴종양, 림프구유낭샘종)

Question 30

this tumor is associated with a balanced (11;19) (q21;p13) chromosomal translocation.

The MECT1-MAML2 fusion gene; play a key role in the genesis of this tumor,
possibly by perturbing the Notch and cAMP-dependent signaling pathways.

Answer 30

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (점액표지양암종)