Nose and Sinus Quiz Flashcards
Nonspecific term used to describe acute infections of the nose, sinuses, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi.
Upper respiratory infection
Conditions that account for the majority of antibiotic prescriptions prescribed
Upper Respiratory Infection
Otitis media
Signs and symptoms of viral rhinitis
A.k.a. Common Cold
Signs = swollen nasal tissues and cervical lymph nodes
Symptoms =Stuffy nose and sinuses with a watery to thick discharge, sneezing, sore throat, cough and headache
Signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis
A.k.a. Hay fever
Signs = swollen nasal tissues and cervical lymph nodes
Symptoms = stuffy nose and sinuses with a watery discharge, sneezing, post nasal drip, cough, itchy eyes, nose and throat persisting beyond 10 days
Signs and symptoms of acute sinusitis
Signs = swollen nasal tissues and cervical lymph nodes Symptoms = stuffy nose and sinuses with a green purulent discharge, face, teeth or eye pain aggravated by bending over
What tests can be utilized to check for suspected acute sinusitis?
Digital pressure (of maxillary and frontal sinuses) Transillumination (same sinuses)
Grape like inflammatory swellings of the nasal lining
Polyps
Who develops nasal polyps?
Adults have have had allergies and/or chronic sinus infections over the years.
T/F Polyps will never interfere with nasal drainage
FALSE
They may interfere with nasal drainage
Trauma to the nose may lead to this condition. May cause breathing difficulties following the trauma
Deviated septum
Tool used to inspect someone with a suspected deviated septum
Nasal speculum (or light)
What is the Nasal Cycle?
A normal cycle of mild congestion and decongestion alternating between nostrils about every 4 hours making it easier to breathe out of one nostril more than the other
Any child with a one-sided runny noise should be examined for this
Foreign objects
Cranial nerve tested when the patient is asked to smell something
C.N. I (Olfactory nerve)
More than half of the reported cases of loss of smell are due to:
- Head injuries
- Post URI’s
- Nasal/sinus conditions
Mullin’s 5 T’s
- Teeth (maloclussions and cavities)
- Tongue (top bottom and sides)
- Tissues (between cheeks, lips, and gums)
- Tonsils (often atrophied and not visible in the adult)
- Throat (a very limited view)
Causes a cold sore/ fever blister
Herpes simplex type 1
Conditions of the teeth
Crowded teeth
Malocclusions
Red, swollen smooth tongue due to the loss of papillae.
Glossitis
T/F Glossitis is always a primary tongue problem
FALSE.
Is can be a primary tongue problem or secondary to another disorder
Form of glossitis were the papillae are temporarily loss leaving, smooth, irregular patches with a white outline
Geographic tongue
Characterized by groves in the tongue of varying depth and width. Benign, asymptomatic condition starting in childhood and becoming more prominent with age.
Fissured tongue
Fissured tongue is frequently associated with what other condition?
Geographic tongue
Results from long term antibiotic use or failure of the papillae to naturally fall off causing them to elongate.
Black hairy tongue
Characterized by recurrent, crops of small, painful ulcers on the intraoral mucosa that heal without scaring in 2 weeks
Aphthous stomatitis (Canker sore)
Noncancerous or precancerous oral lesion common to people who use tobacco products. Appear as white leathery ridges on the buccal mucosa.
Leukoplakia
T/F Leukoplakia will never resolve once it forms
FALSE.
Leukoplakia will resolve in about 6 weeks if they quit chewing tobacoo
Causes red, swollen, sensitive and bleeding gums.
Gingivitis
In gingivitis, resident bacteria and saliva form ____; _____ is a hardened version of this that causes gingivitis. Brushing and flossing is used to prevent this.
Plaque
Tartar
Tobacco products is associated with 70-80% of cases. May present as persistent, painless thickening, lump, ulcer, or a red or white patch anywhere in the mouth or throat.
Oral carcinoma
Most common places for oral carcinoma
Sides of the tongue, lips, and floor of the mouth
Benign exostosis of either the hard palate or mandible that appear around age 30
Torus palatinus (Torus mandibularis)
Self-limiting viral or bacterial infection of the pharyngeal tonsils.
Tonsillitis
Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis
Signs = sore throat, thick voice, swollen cervical lymph nodes, red, swollen tonsils that may be coated or have white spots on them Symptoms = painful swallowing
Forms when mucous, sulfur producing bacteria and debris condense into small particles and collect in the crypts on the surface on the tonsils.
Tonsillar debris (tonsil stones)
Accounts for about 60% of sore throats
Viral pharyngitis
Clinical features of viral pharyngitis
Runny nose, cough, hoarseness, conjunctivitis, or diarrhea
Accounts for about 40% of sore throats
Bacterial pharyngitis
Clinical features of bacterial pharyngitis
Rapid onset of throat pain aggravated by swallowing,. Fever, tender cervical lymph nodes and inflammation with a purulent, patchy white, yellow, or gray exudate
Accounts for about 10% of bacterial sore throats
Streptococcal pharyngitis
Best way to identify streptococcal pharyngitis
Throat cultures (and strep test)
Occurs in 1% of people who have had strep throat. Antibiotics are more than 90% effective in preventing this.
Rheumatic fever
Self-limiting illness and is not prevented with antibiotic treatment. May cause damage to a heart valve
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Common upper respiratory tract conditions
1) Common cold
2) Allergic rhinitis
3) Sinusitis
4) Pharyngitis
(sometimes Laryngitis can be common)
Irritation of the larynx causes inflammation of the mucous lining and vocal cords resulting in a sore scratchy throat, hoarseness or loss of voice
Laryngitis
Only physical sign of Laryngitis
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Possibly stridor
T/F Fremitus, percussion, and auscultation will all be abnormal in someone with laryngitis
FALSE.
Fremitus, percussion, and auscultation will all be normal
Cranial nerves that need to be assessed as part of the mouth and throat exam
XII
IX
X
XII
C.N. sense anterior 2/3 of the tongue primarily dealing with sweet and salty tastes
XII
C.N. sense posterior 1/3 of the tongue primarily dealing with sour and bitter tastes
IX
C.N. tested when initiating a gag reflex
IX
X
C.N. tested when the patient says “Coo la me”
X
C.N. tested when the patient presses their tongue into each cheek
XII
